猫传染性腹膜炎研究进展

猫传染性腹膜炎是一种全身性、致死性的病毒性疾病,为幼猫和青年猫死亡的主要原因之一。近年来,该病在世界各地广泛流行,并呈一定的上升趋势。越来越多的学者对其进行了研究与探索,但其致病与免疫机制仍未完全清楚。本文从病原学、发病机制、流行病学、临床症状、诊断与治疗以及免疫与预防等方面对猫传染性腹膜炎进行全面的阐述,为该病的科学诊治与防控提供参考和指导。     

Clinical trials in spontaneous disease in dogs: a new paradigm for investigations of sepsis

Objective: To provide evidence that naturally occurring sepsis in dogs provides a unique opportunity to test new therapies in clinically relevant settings. Data sources: Human and veterinary literature. Human data synthesis: Sepsis is a devastating condition responsible for most intensive care unit deaths. Most clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators of sepsis have failed to improve outcome in clinical patients despite promising results in laboratory animal models. Animal models of sepsis fail to reproduce the clinical syndrome and therefore lead to conclusions that may not be relevant to clinical care. Veterinary data synthesis: Sepsis is recognized but not well‐characterized in companion animal species. Despite some species variability, the cardiopulmonary response to sepsis in dogs is similar to humans. Additionally, inflammatory and coagulation changes that accompany canine sepsis are consistent with those documented in humans. Sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral infection offers the advantages of relative population homogeneity, predictable course, and easy early diagnosis. The disadvantages of canine parvovirus are that it affects a predominantly young and healthy population and results in low mortality with aggressive supportive care. Septic peritonitis and pneumonia have high mortality but can be challenging to diagnose, have a variable course, and affect a heterogeneous population, which can be an advantage or a disadvantage. Conclusions: Similar to trials currently being performed in canine cancer patients, veterinary clinical trials of new sepsis therapeutics may provide a unique opportunity to advance the treatment of sepsis in dogs, humans, and other species. Spontaneous sepsis from canine parvovirus, peritonitis, and pneumonia are common clinical conditions in which therapeutics can be tested.     

Relationship between rate of infection and markers of inflammation/immunity in Holy Birman cats with feline coronavirus

The aim of this study was to assess whether Holy Birman cats (HB) have a peculiar immune profile and a higher rate of infection by feline coronaviruses (FCoV). Leucocyte and lymphocyte subsets, antibody titers, α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP), globulin fractions, IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ in blood and fecal FCoV excretion were determined in HB (n = 75) and in cats from other breeds (n = 94). Significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio, IFN-γ concentration and IL12/IL4 ratio and significantly lower IL-4 concentration and proportion of shedders were found in HB than in other breeds. No other differences were found. In conclusion, this study did not provide evidence of peculiar immune profiles in HB, except for a prevalent Th1 profile, that may explain why in our caseload the rate of shedders was lower in HB than in other breeds.     

一例双角犀鸟创伤性腹膜炎

双角犀鸟是中国亚洲热带地区体形最大的犀鸟。中国南京红山森林动物园犀鸟园1只1岁大的双角犀鸟突发食欲下降,伴有呕吐,隔离3 d后死亡。剖解发现其肝脏坏死,心肌出血,肌胃内有一长5.3 cm的发夹样异物导致肌胃穿孔,穿孔部位有炎性组织包裹,肠道出现弥漫性出血炎症。细菌培养结果发现,肝脏和心脏存在大肠杆菌感染。对其进行肝脏和心脏病理切片观察,结果显示肝脏纤维性炎症;心脏存在炎性反应,并存在脂肪浸润和心力衰竭细胞的现象。本文首次报道了双角犀鸟因吞入发夹样异物导致创伤性腹膜炎,为饲养犀鸟提出新的要求,也为诊断犀鸟疾病提供新的诊断思路。     

致鹅卵黄性腹膜炎E.coli fimFGH基因序列分析

为研究致鹅卵黄性腹膜炎大肠杆菌(E.coli) fimFGH基因的变异情况,本实验根据GenBank中登录的序列设计引物,PCR扩增了3株致鹩卵黄性腹膜炎性E.coli E0238、E0239、E0240 Ⅰ型菌毛的fimFGH基因并测序.序列比对分析结果表明,3株细菌的fimF、fimG和fimH基因及其所编码的蛋白...     

Sensitivity of Tru-cut and fine needle aspiration biopsies of liver and kidney for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis

BACKGROUND: The detection of typical lesions and feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen in tissues is the only conclusive method for making a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). A positive result using Tru-cut biopsy (TCB) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has high diagnostic specificity, but information about the capacity of these techniques to correctly identify cats with FIP lesions is not available. OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic sensitivity of TCB and FNAB for detecting liver and kidney histologic lesions caused by FIP was evaluated. METHODS: TCB and FNAB specimens collected mainly at necropsy from 25 cats with FIP were analyzed. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated on the basis of the number of false-negative and true-positive specimens, compared with the number of organs bearing histologic lesions of FIP. RESULTS: Diagnostic sensitivity was higher for hepatic TCB (64%) and FNAB (82%) than for renal (39% and 42%, respectively) procedures. A high percentage of renal cytologic and TCB specimens were inadequate. Combined analysis of TCB and FNAB specimens collected from the same organ increased the diagnostic sensitivity for liver (86%) and kidney (48%). The sensitivity of immunohistochemical/cytochemical analysis was low (11-38% depending on the technique), probably due to variable distribution of feline coronavirus in the lesions. CONCLUSION: Biopsy of liver and kidney can correctly identify FIP lesions. However, false-negative results or inadequate samples occur with moderate frequency, especially for immunochemical analysis. Diagnostic sensitivity may be increased when both TCB and FNAB specimens from the same organ are examined.