咖啡因Na_2─EDTA对不同辐射敏感性作物质膜过氧化的维护效应

本文研究了咖啡因和Ｎａ２─ＥＤＴＡ辐照后处理对大豆和油菜７日龄幼苗质膜过氧化水平的生物学效应。结果表明，随着辐射剂量的增加，细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性增大，而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶则先增大而后降低。辐照后，大豆幼苗质膜过氧化程度高于油菜。咖啡因、ＥＤＴＡ后处理降低了两种作物的细胞膜过氧化水平和丙二醛含量，提高了脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性，减轻了辐射对细胞膜产生的损伤。咖啡因和ＥＤＴＡ后处理对油菜质膜的保护作用强于大豆，ＥＤＴＡ的作用效应强于咖啡因，咖啡因与ＥＤＴＡ复合作用协同效应不明显。     

家蚕葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶家族基因BmGMCβ2的克隆及序列与表达分析

葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶(glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductases,GMC)家族是昆虫体内一大类以黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)为辅酶的氧化还原酶类,家蚕基因组中含有43个GMC家族基因。以家蚕5龄幼虫cDNA为模板克隆到一个家蚕GMC家族基因,命名为BmGMCβ2(GenBank登录号:JQ965926)。该基因cDNA全长1 875 bp,编码624个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为69.3 kD,pI为6.21,定位于家蚕16号染色体的nscaf3058上,编码蛋白质含GMC家族共有的ADP-bindingβ-α-β折叠结构域。系统发育分析表明该基因是家蚕GMC家族β亚家族基因成员。RT-PCR检测家蚕不同发育时期和5龄第3天幼虫不同组织中BmGMCβ2基因mRNA转录水平,以5龄盛食期最高,并且主要在表皮、脂肪体和气管中转录表达;Westernblotting分析BmGMCβ2蛋白主要在5龄第3天幼虫的脂肪体中表达。将BmGMCβ2克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,转化E.coli BL21表达菌株,IPTG诱导表达BmGMCβ2融合蛋白,通过His-亲和层析得到纯化的融合蛋白并制备多克隆抗体,为后续研究该蛋白在家蚕生长发育过程中的功能奠定了基础。     

不同施肥水平对小麦生长期土壤氧化还原酶活性的影响

在有机肥和氮肥配施条件下,设置不同有机肥和氮肥的施肥梯度,研究了小麦各生育期土壤氧化还原酶活性(包括过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性)的动态变化趋势。结果表明,与单施有机肥或单施氮肥相比,有机肥和氮肥配施条件下,土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性均有明显提高。在有机肥用量22500kg/hm2、氮肥用量120kg/hm2条件下,土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性均达到最高,分别为1.1750ml/(g.20min)和15.7931ug/(g.d)。但是,随着肥料的施加,土壤多酚氧化酶活性降低,当有机肥用量和氮肥用量达到最大时,多酚氧化酶活性降至最低。     

Screening of microorganisms producing cold-active oxidoreductases to be applied in enantioselective alcohol oxidation. An Antarctic survey

Several microorganisms were isolated from soil/sediment samples of Antarctic Peninsula. The enrichment technique using (RS)-1-(phenyl)ethanol as a carbon source allowed us to isolate 232 psychrophile/psychrotroph microorganisms. We also evaluated the enzyme activity (oxidoreductases) for enantioselective oxidation reactions, by using derivatives of (RS)-1-(phenyl)ethanol as substrates. Among the studied microorganisms, 15 psychrophile/psychrotroph strains contain oxidoreductases that catalyze the (S)-enantiomer oxidation from racemic alcohols to their corresponding ketones. Among the identified microorganisms, Flavobacterium sp. and Arthrobacter sp. showed excellent enzymatic activity. These new bacteria strains were selected for optimization study, in which the (RS)-1-(4-methyl-phenyl)ethanol oxidation was evaluated in several reaction conditions. From these studies, it was observed that Flavobacterium sp. has an excellent enzymatic activity at 10 °C and Arthrobacter sp. at 15 and 25 °C. We have also determined the growth curves of these bacteria, and both strains showed optimum growth at 25 °C, indicating that these bacteria are psychrotroph.     

氮钾水平与多酚氧化酶活性对柠檬流胶病抗性的影响

Ｎ，Ｋ水平与多酚氧化酶活性对柠檬抵流胶病能力的影响研究表明，ＮＫ供应量与柠檬抵御流胶病病原菌侵染能力有密切关系，高Ｎ降低树体对流胶病的抵御能力，适当增加Ｋ浓度，能明显地提高其抗性。树体在中Ｎ和Ｋ偏高时，能较好地抵御流胶病的侵染。