广东兰花病毒病的鉴定和检测研究

用建立的ＤＡＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ法，检测了来自广东省７市１８个场场或兰圃的２０种兰共１５９个感病兰花样本，建兰花叶病毒（ＣｙＭＶ）和齿兰环斑病毒（ＯＲＳＶ）以及ＣｙＭＶ和ＯＲＳＶ复合感染分别在４０，２６和６个样本中检测到，分别占所检测样品的２５．２％，１６．４％和３．８％，占所检测的２０个兰种的５０％（１０／２０），３５％（７／１０）和１５％（３／２０），感染ＣｙＭＶ的兰种有墨兰，文心兰，大花惠兰（组培     

Genomic constitutions and flower characteristics of selected Aranda orchid cultivars

Summary Ten Aranda cultivars commercially grown in Singapore were selected to study their genomic constitutions and flower characteristics. Cytological evidence and breeding records of these cultivars showed that they are of three genomic classes. Four of them are diploid with AV genomes (one Arachnis and one Vanda genome), another four are triploid with AVV genomes and the remaining two are tetraploid with AVVV genomes. Sizes of flowers as well as of sepals and petals generally show significant increases from diploid to tetraploid. This trend reflects the increasing influence of Vanda resulting from additional one and two Vanda genomes in triploid and tetraploid respectively as compared to diploid cultivars. Among the three genomic classes, diploid cultivars generally bear less flowers per spray than those of triploid and tetraploid although exceptions may occur. There is no clear trend in the length of inflorescences although diploid cultivars tend to have less compact spray with flowers more distantly spaced out.     

云南野生兰花资源的多样性及其引种驯化

云南省具有十分丰富的野生兰花资源,共有兰科(Orchidaceae)植物135属、764种及16个变种,并有众多的变异类型,是我国乃至世界的兰花资源宝库。其中的杓兰属(Cypripedium)、兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)、兰属(Cymbidium)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、万带兰属(Vanda)、鹤顶兰属(Phaius)、虾脊兰属(Calanthe)、指甲兰属(Aerides)、独蒜兰属(Pleione)、槽舌兰属(Holcoglossum),蝴蝶兰属(Phalaenopsis)等有重要的观赏价值。全省各地州均有兰花分布,其中滇东南、滇南至滇西地区是兰花种类最丰富的地区。从云南各地收集野生兰花资源150多份并在温室内驯化栽培,绝大多数种类生长健壮,从中筛选出10多个切花型的材料和一批盆花型资源。并就兰花资源的保护和利用提出了2点建议:①在云南省的兰花主产区建立数个兰花种质资源保护基地,对当地的兰花资源进行迁地保护;②加强兰花育种、繁殖和栽培技术研究,推动兰花产业化。     

中国兰花远缘杂交及杂交种子萌发的研究

以兰属，文心兰属，蝴蝶兰属的兰花为材料，对中国兰花远缘杂交及其杂交种子的萌发进行了研究，结果表明：（1）国兰类各种间杂交易成功，结果率为80％以上；（2）墨兰和大花蕙兰杂交，结果率和杂交种子数量胡品种和正反交不同而异；（3）兰属和其他属兰花杂交，结果率较低，且的杂交种子量很少；（40兰花杂交种子萌发形成的中间繁殖全的种类和数量，随杂交组合不同而不同，墨兰和大花蕙兰的杂交种子萌发后形成原球茎，其余组合产生根状茎，通过原球茎和根状茎途径已生产兰共杂种试管苗近万株，并对中国兰花远缘杂交育种和杂种试管苗生产进行了讨论。     

Effect of dose and type of fertilizer on flowering and fruiting of vanilla plants

Nutritional status affects the processes of flowering and fruiting of plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fertilizer application on flowering, fruiting, and leaf nutrient content of Vanilla planifolia (Jacks. ex Andr). Treatments consisted of the application of grade 10-20-20 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer to the substratum in annual doses of 20, 50, and 100 g/plant plus a monthly application of foliar fertilizer. Two more treatments were foliar fertilization and no fertilization (control). Treatments increased the number of inflorescences and flower buds per plant, as well as the number and weight of fruits per plant, and decreased the abortion of flowers and immature fruits. These effects depended on the type of fertilizer, the amount applied, and the time of evaluation. The best results were obtained with the 100 g/plant/year treatment with an annual production of 1.5 kg of fruits per plant in the second year. Unfertilized plants produced 0.55 kg/plant/year. Differences were also found in foliar content of N, P, K, and copper (Cu) between vegetative and reproductive branches. Application of fertilizer to the substratum appears to improve reproductive parameters of vanilla plants and the production of beans, while foliar fertilization alone was ineffective in increasing crop productivity. Nutrients also seem to translocate from mature leaves to fruit racemes.     

滇西北兰科植物海拔分布格局

根据实际调查和整理相关文献资料,确定滇西北兰科植物409种,其分布的海拔范围为650～4700m;并按400m划分海拔段,共9个梯度,分析其垂直分布格局。结果表明：滇西北兰科植物的垂直分布格局呈“中间膨胀型”或“单峰型”,随着海拔升高,各海拔段兰科植物的数量依次为92、167、194、223、192、159、129、58、32种,其中1051—3000m海拔范围的物种多样性较高;相邻海拔段兰科植物种类相似性系数较高,海拔段相隔越远,相似性系数越小;生活型以地生兰为主,1051～1450m海拔段附生兰种类较为丰富,1851～3450m海拔段地生兰种类较为丰富,各海拔段腐生兰种类较少;1851—2250m海拔段区系成分最多,物种数为223种,占该区域兰科植物总数的54．52％;该区域的区系平衡点在海拔2115m左右,生活型平衡点在海拔2050m左右。     

Non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes in two orchids of Kaiga forest (Western Ghats), India

We used standard isolation protocols to explore the endophytic fungal communities in three tissue types of two dominant orchids (Bulbophyllum neilgherrense and Vanda testacea) of the Kaiga forest ofthe Western Ghats. We surface sterilized and assessed 90 segments ofeach orchid for the occurrence and diversity of endophytic fungal taxa.The 118 fungal isolates were obtained from root, bulb and leaves of B.neilgherrense, consisting of 17 anamorphic taxa (range, 10 15 taxa) with 1.3 fungal taxa per segment (range, 1.2 1.4 taxa). Four taxa (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium sp. and morpho sp. 1) belonged to the coregroup (11.1% 32.2%). The relative abundance of A. flavus and morpho sp.1 was more than 10%. A total of 130 fungal isolates from roots, stems and leaves of V. testacea yielded 20 anamorphic taxa (range, 11 15 taxa)with 1.4 fungal taxa per segment (range, 1.4 1.5 taxa). Aspergillus flavus,A. niger, A. ochraceus, Gliocladium viride, Penicillium sp. and morphosp. 1 belonged to the core group. Relative abundance exceeded 10% for A. flavus, A. niger, and morpho sp. 1. The Simpson and Shannon diversity indices were higher in leaf than root or bulb/stem of both orchids.Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was higher between root and leaf in both orchids (56.3% 60%) than between other pairs. Our study revealed thatthe endophytic fungal assemblage and diversity of B. neilgherrense and V.testacea of Kaiga forest of the Western Ghats were relatively similar between orchids and their tissues.     

金佛山地区兰科植物的分布及区系组成

】金佛山现有兰科植物３８属、８４种,其区系组成以亚热带和温带的东亚区系成分为主。其中,广布东亚植物区的种类有２０属２６种,属于东亚植物区中的中国—日本亚区的种类有２１属３５种,属于东亚植物区中的中国—喜马拉雅植物亚区的种类有１２属２２种,属印度马来区系的种类１种。金佛山地区兰科植物中国特有种有２８种,该地区特有种仅１种。     

甘南林区兰科植物区系的研究

甘南林区兰科植物计有３９属８３种及１变种。区系分析的结果表明：甘南林区兰科植 物的种类丰富,属的地理成分多样,区系整体属于温带性质,并有少数临界分布的热带成分;种 的分布型以温带的东亚成分、尤其是中国一喜马拉雅植物亚区的区系成分为主;中国特有种占很 大比重,其中横断山地区及其邻近地区特有种居首要地位;白龙江下游小区是我国兰科植物在亚 热带北缘种系分化和适应性辐射的结点,可作为东亚两大植物亚区分界线的重要标志之一。     

国兰无菌萌发的研究进展

从中国兰花种子的处理、种子的胚龄、无菌播种的培养基、生长调节剂等方面,综述了影响中国兰花无菌萌发的因素及提高萌发率的处理方法,并探讨了该领域研究存在的不足和未来的发展趋势。