光肩星天牛成虫寄主选择中的"记忆效应"

2004年和2005年,对羽化于5种树种的光肩星天牛成虫在5种相同寄主树种上的停留、取食、交配、刻槽、产卵等5个寄主选择指标进行了试验.从总体结果看,光肩星天牛成虫在进行寄主选择时,对原寄主具有一定“记忆效应”.具体来讲,受到嗜好树种复叶槭的影响,来源不同的光肩星天牛成虫在停留、取食和交配3个指标上没有表现出很强的“记忆效应”.但就刻槽和产卵两个指标而言,光肩星天牛成虫在其来源树种上的比率最高,“记忆效应”表现得十分明显.该结果为在多树种合理配置中发挥诱饵树作用提供了较好的理论依据.     

基于布谷鸟搜索算法优化LSTM的大坝变形预测

对大坝变形进行合理分析和准确预测是确保大坝安全运行的重要手段.大坝变形监测数据具有趋势性、周期性、随机性和非线性等特性,现有的机器学习模型大都基于大坝变形监测数据的非线性特点进行构建,而忽略了监测数据还具有趋势性和周期性的线性特征.提出了一种大坝变形预测模型,通过采用布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)对长短期记忆人工神经网络(LSTM)进行优化,再基于物联网传感器的实时监测数据,使用局部加权回归的周期趋势分解方法(STL)将数据分解成趋势分量、周期分量和余项分量,采用优化后的LSTM模型对趋势分量和余项分量分别进行预测,并通过简单周期估计方法进行计算,将3个分量的预测结果求和后得到最终变形预测结果.试验选取浙江利山水库开展变形预测研究,结果表明：STL-CS-LSTM模型的水平和沉降变形预测精度都高于其他模型,水平位移预测精度由高到低依次为LSTM模型、支持向量回归模型SVR和人工神经网络模型ANN,沉降预测精度由高到低依次为ANN模型、LSTM模型、SVR模型.     

工作记忆在写作过程中的作用

写作作为一种复杂的认知活动,涉及到多个过程的共同作用。这些过程对容量有限的工作记忆造成压力,认知负荷过大,是造成写作困难的主要原因。熟练的写作者处理压力的方式有多种,包括通过练习降低低层次过程的认知压力,或者通过中央执行系统对认知注意进行分配。除此以外,增加备用的认知资源系统,通过长时工作记忆对长期记忆内的知识进行提取和利用,也是一个有效的处理压力的方式。文中从认知的角度对工作记忆在写作中的作用和研究情况进行综述,为二语写作的研究提供了新的视角和方向。     

基于CNN-BiLSTM的棉花产量预测方法

针对传统的作物产量估算方法在模型泛化方面的不足及缺少时序特征和空间特征的问题,该研究以机采棉为研究对象,结合无人机遥感平台与深度学习技术对棉花进行多期遥感观测与估产。以棉花苗期、蕾期和花期的影像为时间序列数据集,构建基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）和双向长短期记忆（Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM）的混合模型（CNN-BiLSTM）进行棉花产量预估,提高时间维度和空间维度方面的特征提取能力,并分别验证CNN和BiLSTM的性能以及不同网络深度对估产的影响。研究结果表明,CNN和BiLSTM深度分别为14和1的CNN14-BiLSTM模型准确率最高,对比单一结构的BiLSTM该模型决定系数从0.851提升至0.885,其均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差也均明显下降,在2.3 m×2.3 m的样方内,结果分别为147.167 g和6.711%。该研究实现了基于时间序列的棉花产量估算,可为类似的作物产量估算提供参考。     

基于空间漫反射光的母兔早期妊娠诊断装置研制

妊娠诊断是肉兔繁殖管理中的重要环节,尤其是早期妊娠诊断,可提前未妊娠母兔的再授精时间,提高种兔利用率,缩短繁殖周期。针对人工摸胎诊断法存在对母兔腹内胚胎产生机械损伤、母兔应激反应大及对工人经验要求高等缺陷,该研究基于妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔腹内有无孕囊组织所引起的光学特性差异,提出一种基于空间漫反射光的母兔妊娠诊断方法,研制了快速、无侵入式的便携诊断装置。该装置由具有2个红外发光二极管（Light Emitting Diode,LED,LED发光波长分别为850和930 nm）、3个硅基光电二极管和外围电路的传感探头和信号处理主机组成。利用该便携诊断装置采集130只人工授精14 d后的母兔（包括63只妊娠母兔和67只未妊娠母兔）腹部漫反射光强度数据,将采集的数据按照7∶3的比例划分为训练集和测试集,训练集数据分别用于建立偏最小二乘判别分析（Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis, PLS-DA）模型和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类模型,测试集数据用于模型性能测试,并对比两种模型的分类性能。同时,利用PLS-DA对采样数据进行有监督的主成分分析和变量重要性分析,结果表明妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔的采样数据之间存在差异,可以被较好的分类。对比两种分类模型的分类性能发现SVM对妊娠母兔和未妊娠母兔的分类性能均比PLS-DA好,对测试集数据的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为80.95%、83.33%和82.05%。研究结果表明,该研究提出的光学妊娠诊断方法可行,研制的诊断装置可对授精14 d后的母兔进行妊娠诊断,对提高兔产业体系智能化装备水平有积极的促进作用。     

Transplantation of human amnion epithelial cells improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology rat model

AIM: To observe the treatment effect and its immune regulation of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology rat model. METHODS: The hAECs were isolated from amnion with trypsin digestion, and the phenotype of hAECs was analyzed by flow cytometry. SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham control group, model group, medium group and hAECs group. AD-like pathology rat model was induced by bilateral intraventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). hAECs (5×10⁵) were injected into the hippocampus of the AD-like pathology rats. At 2 weeks after transplantation, the animals were tested by Morris water maze to observe the function of learning and memory. The pathological change of the brain was observed by HE staining. The expression of amyloid β-protein 42(Aβ42) and Tau protein and the level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the injury brain were determined by immunohistochemistry. The survival and differentiation of hAECs in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescent technique. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The contents of serum cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. RESULTS: Compared with model group and medium group, hAECs group showed shortened escape latency (P<0.01), increased frequency of going through the platform (P<0.05), reduced loss of hippocampal neurons, decreased expression of Tau protein and Aβ42 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), increased ACh level in the hippocampus (P<0.05), decreased percentages of Th1 and Th17 subsets, increased percentages of Th2 and Treg cells (P<0.05), decreased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum, and increased concentration of IL-4(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: hAECs improve the cognitive learning and memory function and alleviate pathologic damage of hippocampus through immune regulation in AD-like pathology rats.     

On-farm evaluation of an active optical sensor performance for variable nitrogen application in winter wheat

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents almost 50% of total cereal production in the European Union, accounting for approximately 25% of total mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to all crops. Currently, several active optical sensor (AOS) based systems for optimizing variable N fertilization are commercially available for a variety of crops, including wheat. To ensure successful adoption of these systems, definitive measurable benefits must be demonstrated. Nitrogen management strategies developed based on small-scale plot research are not always meaningful for large-scale farm conditions. In 2010–2012 (5 site-years) on-farm study was implemented in northern Poland utilizing a strip-trial design. The objective was to evaluate the performance of AOS in combination with a built-in algorithm for variable N rate fertilization. In this study, the reference uniform N rates (farmer’s practice) were comparable to optimum variable N rate recommendations. Side-by-side comparisons of uniform and variable N application revealed inconsistent benefits in terms of grain yield, grain protein content (GPC), N use and N use efficiency (NUE). Anticipated yield increases and/or reduced N rates are typical drivers for AOS adoption. Significant yield increases are not easily attained on farms with winter wheat yields already close to maximum yield potential. Thus, sensor-based variable N rate recommendations for fields previously fertilized with relatively low uniform N rates would often entail more appropriate allocation (redistribution) of the same amount of total N. This would minimize N surplus in areas of lower productivity and to improve the sustainability of N management overall.     

连续工作方式下掺Yb光纤放大器的增益与噪声特性研究

对连续工作方式下掺Yb光纤放大器的增益与噪声特性进行理论研究,从描述掺Yb光纤放大器的速率方程与光传输方程出发,计算了掺Yb光纤放大器的增益与噪声指数,讨论在975nm泵浦光的作用下,泵浦功率、器件长度对放大器增益和噪声指数的影响。