4种植物油热氧化同步荧光光谱分析

以亚麻籽油、大豆油、菜籽油与葵花籽油为原料,在不同温度条件下氧化并测定其不同时间的同步荧光光谱,分析同步荧光光谱及荧光物质变化情况。结果表明,4种植物油不同温度下的同步荧光光谱峰变化主要集中在300~415 nm内,且随着加热时间的延长存在波动现象;在50℃和150℃加热氧化条件下,300,330,375,415 nm这4个峰都存在明显的波动现象;二维相关分析表明,这4个峰的荧光强度变化速率不同,不同油变化差异较大;同种油在不同温度下,4个峰的波动情况、相互关系、变化速率均有明显差异。这些峰的变化与油脂氧化过程中荧光物质和油脂氧化程度的变化有关,可以利用同步荧光光谱的变化特性作为监控油脂氧化的依据。     

香精油抗蜂螨作用的研究进展

香精油及其组分具有显著的抗螨效果。萜类化合物(主要是单萜)是香精油的主要成分。占总量的90％左右。研究者通过筛选试验测定了多种香精油及其一些组分的抗螨能力。大部分表现出良好的抗螨效果。但只有少部分在蜂群试验中表现出强抗螨能力。因此，有必要对此作进一步的研究。以达到最优化目标。同时联合其它防治手段，建立一套全面的害虫防治策略，实现蜂螨的最终控制。     

Efficacy of essential oils combination on performance,ileal bacterial counts,intestinal histology and immunocompetence of laying hens fed alternative lipid sources

This study was carried out to assess the effects of a blend of herbal essential oils (namely Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus offisinalis and Anethum graveolens) and different dietary lipid sources on the performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, intestinal histological alterations and immune responses in laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 150 laying hens were randomly allocated to six experimental treatments with five replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of three levels of a mixture of essential oils (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and two sources of lipid (soybean oil and fish oil containing different ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids) fed to the animals during an 80‐days feeding trial. Findings indicated that dietary administration of fish oil not only increased significantly the spleen relative weight (p < 0.01) and the antibody titre against Newcastle virus (p < 0.05) but also led to reductions in liver relative weight (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mixture of herbal essential oils brought about declines in hepatic relative weight, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05) and intestinal pathogen populations (p < 0.01). Mention must also be made of the improvements it made in spleen weight (p < 0.01), antibody titres against SRBC (p < 0.01) and Newcastle virus (p < 0.05), villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01), goblet cell numbers (p < 0.05), lamina propria lymphatic follicle diameters (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.06). It may be claimed that the enhancements observed in the performance of laying hens fed fish oil and 200 mg/kg of the blend of essential oils could have potentially been associated with improved intestinal health indices as well as cellular and humoral immune responses.     

Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers

Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and many plant essential oils have shown that they have positive effects on broilers nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of orally administered different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. A total of eighty 28‐day‐old (1.28 ± 0.15 kg) ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated to four groups of 20 replicates each, with one chicken per replicate per cage, and all were fed with the same diet. Four experimental groups were orally administered 0, 200, 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils at 18:00 hr every day during the 2‐week experimental period. As a result of which, the gene expression of the occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐5, ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 in intestinal mucosa of small intestine (p < 0.05) and the goblet cell content in small intestine epithelium (p < 0.05) were significantly increased; test subjects with 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils reduced the microbial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the intestines (p < 0.05); Essential oils administration also significantly increased activity of the sucrase (p < 0.05) and lactase (p < 0.05) in intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, the carvacrol essential oils have positive effects on growth performance and intestinal barriers function of broilers; those effects may be related to the dosage, as administration of 300 or 400 μl was more effective than that of 200 μl.     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。     

Analgesic effect of the mint terpenoid L-carvone in sheep

ObjectiveTo determine whether L-carvone increases the voltage threshold response to a noxious electrical stimulus in sheep.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover experimental study.AnimalsA group of six healthy adult sheep.MethodsSheep were instrumented with cranial dorsothoracic subcutaneous copper electrodes. A stimulator delivered a 10 ms square-wave stimulus at 50 pps starting at 0.1 V with a 0.2 V second^–1 ramp. The stimulus stopped once two observers who were blinded to treatment noted a behavioral pain response or when a 15 V cut-off was reached. Next, 0.15 mL kg^–1 of either a 50% L-carvone solution or a saline-vehicle control was administered intramuscularly, and electrical threshold responses were measured every 5–15 minutes over a 6 hour period using methods identical to the baseline. One week following the first treatment (L-carvone or control), sheep were studied using identical methods with the second treatment (control or L-carvone). Drug and time effects were evaluated using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons were evaluated with Holm-Sidák tests with values of p < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsL-carvone significantly increased voltage threshold responses for most time points up to 75 minutes compared with baseline and with saline control. The last time point with a significantly different response between L-carvone and saline treatments was 5 hours after drug administration. The saline-vehicle control decreased voltage threshold responses at several time points after 3 hours.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntramuscular L-carvone is analgesic in sheep, although the ethanol-propylene glycol vehicle may cause mild hyperalgesia. This study demonstrates that a food-derived compound can be used to relieve pain in a food-producing animal.     

柴油机燃用复合乳化燃料放热率的计算模型

提出了适用于柴油、甲醇、水三元复合乳化燃料和柴油的热力学放热率计算模型，并利用此模型对直接喷射式2135G型柴油机进行了放热率计算研究，计算结果令人满意。同时分析研究了压力传感通道效率、计算步长；乳化燃料中水的化潜热及示功图光顺程度等因素对复合乳化燃料放热率计算精度的影响。     

基于近红外光谱技术的茶油原产地快速鉴别

为研究茶油原产地溯源问题,维护其市场秩序,促进公平竞争。该文利用近红外光谱技术采集湖南、江西、安徽和浙江4个不同产地茶油的光谱数据,并运用 Savitzky-Golay 平滑（savitzky-golay, SG）、多元散射校正（multiplicative scatter correction, MSC）、一阶导数（first derivation, FD）和矢量归一化（vector normalization, VN）等4种方法对其进行预处理。采用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares, PLS）提取最佳主成分,构建 PLS 回归模型;同时,采用主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）和 PLS 算法提取最佳主成分,作为 BP 人工神经网络（BP artificial neural network, BPANN）输入变量,构建 PCA-BPANN 和 PLS-BPANN 模型。以验证集相关系数 RP 和验证集均方根误差 RMSEP 为模型的评价指标,分别优选最佳 PLS 和 BPANN 模型。试验结果表明,SG-PLS-DA 和 SG-PLS-BPANN-DA 模型对未知样本的整体分类准确率均大于90%。其中,SG-PLS-BPANN-DA 的鉴别效果优于前者,其建模集相关系数 RC、均方根误差 RMSEC 分别为0.974、0.170,验证集相关系数 RP、均方根误差 RMSEP 分别为0.972、0.172,对上述两类样本集的总体分类准确率分别为98.15%、95.83%,该模型能较准确鉴别茶油原产地。研究结果可为快速辨别茶油原产地提供参考。     

食用油反式脂肪酸傅里叶红外光谱重组检测技术

以食用油、反式脂肪酸标样及矿物精油为试验材料,采用傅里叶红外光谱重组(SR-FTIR)技术检测食用油中反式脂肪酸含量,并与标准红外分析方法(SB-ATR-FTIR法)进行比较.结果表明:SR-FTIR模型反式脂肪酸含量预测值与实际加入量高度线性相关,斜率为1.02,标准差小于0.05;SR-FTIR模型的灵敏度要比标准方法模型高20余倍.     

添加动植物性油脂填饲对鸭肥肝性能的差异影响

在骡鸭与樱桃谷鸭的填肥料中添加4%玉米油或鸭油,研究添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的差异影响。结果表明:添加玉米油,与添加鸭油填饲相比,2个品种鸭获得较高的肝重与较低的料肝比,且骡鸭添加玉米油组的肥肝率显著高于鸭油组(高出30%);经填饲,骡鸭的肥肝重较樱桃谷鸭高,同时料肝比较低,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。意味着肥肝生产中,填饲时添加玉米油较添加鸭油更利于提高产肝性能;并且对骡鸭更有效。对于其根本原因,需进一步从分子水平上研究鸭肝的生脂酶基因、与甘油三酯分泌及脂肪分解相关酶基因的表达差异。