基于灰色关联分析的经济林资产评估市场法

以经济林为例,分析森林资源资产评估市场法的技术思路,提出用灰色关联分析来确定参照物的权重并最终确定待评估经济林的资产价格,旨在为经济林价格评估中市场比较法的应用提供一条新的途径。     

黄河滩区（河南段）土壤营养状况分析

探明黄河滩区土壤营养状况,以期为黄河滩区经济林的适种性及合理的施肥措施提供参考依据。以河南原阳县滩区土壤为研究对象,测定土壤中大量速效养分氮磷钾,中微量元素交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效锌、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼,及pH、有机质和土壤阳离子交换量含量,分析其土壤质地类型及土壤养分间的相关性。结果表明,黄河滩区土壤质地类型可以分为砂土、壤砂土、砂壤土、壤土、粉壤土和粉土6种;土壤平均pH 8.43,属碱性土壤;土壤有机质、土壤阳离子交换量和大量速效养分氮磷钾含量整体上较缺乏;除有效硼外,其他中微量营养元素含量均较为丰富;相关性分析表明,大多数营养元素间存在显著的相关性,且有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、CEC与pH均呈负相关关系,交换性钙、有效硫、有效锌与其他营养成分间相关性较低。黄河滩区（河南段）非常适宜种植经济林,在栽培管理中,应注重增施有机肥,合理搭配有机肥和无机肥的比例;同时通过叶面喷施方式适量补充硼肥,从而达到提质增效的目的。     

Why Is Non-Timber Forest Product Harvesting an “Issue”?

Summary

Despite an encouraging trend in North America of growing interest across a range of disciplines in non-timber forest products (e.g., this volume), NTFP harvesters' knowledge and practices continue to be poorly understood and undervalued, if not ignored, both by research scientists and forestland policy-makers and managers. This article explores why NTFP harvesting suddenly emerged in North America as an “issue” in the early 1990s. Drawing from a three-year study of chanterelle mushroom harvesters on the Olympic Peninsula Biosphere Reserve (Washington, USA), we discuss a variety of forces which intersected in this period to bring NTFP harvesting to wider attention. Unfortunately, harvesters continue to be excluded as knowledgeable actors in, if not legitimate co-managers of, temperate forest ecosystems, resulting in both passive and active harvester resistance to research and management, a devaluing of local harvesting traditions, and missed opportunities for collaboration. We reluctantly conclude that despite “New Forestry” co-management rhetoric, given existing institutional barriers and positivist scientific categories, NTFP workers will likely remain excluded from active roles in temperate forest research and management-contributing in turn to the ongoing legitimacy crisis of public and private forest management entities.     

Information and Training Needs of Non-Timber Forest Products' Operators in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the training needs of non-timber forest products' (NTFP) operators in Southern Nigeria. One hundred-fifty forest operators in Ondo State, Nigeria were sampled using structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using percentages, mean, Chi-square test, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results revealed that majority of the forest operators in Southern Nigeria are middle-aged women with low level of education. The need for training is high and significant (P < 0.05), and there is a positive relationship between training/ information received and the operators's productivity.     

杜仲高产胶优良无性系的选育

以杜仲果实为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,对杜仲无性系成枝力、单枝结果数、果实含胶率和单株产果量等进行了系统分析.结果表明:不同无性系每年的单枝结果数的差异显著性都达到了极显著水平;连续2年单枝结果数及其变幅比较结果,9503、9516、9501、9532、9505、9526等无性系具有比较稳定的结果性能;不同无性系间历年单株产果量存在极显著差异;对不同无性系单株历年产果量、历年总产果量以及结果稳定性等进行综合比较,9503、9516、9532、9526等4个无性系为高产胶优良无性系.在进行杜仲高产胶优良无性系选择时,可以将连续2年单枝结果数和单株产果量的平均值作为选择指标;利用3~4年单枝结果数和单株产果量的平均值作为高产胶优良无性系早期选择的标准.     

板栗的光合性状

为了了解光合性状对板栗产量的影响,对板栗的光合特性进行研究.通过对不同板栗品种的光合性状测定,探究了板栗光合性状的日变化和光合性状之间的相互关系.结果表明:不同板栗品种光合性状的日变化有一定的差异,并具有相似的变化规律;同时,气孔导度和蒸腾速率因子与光合速率具有显著相关性;光合性状影响光合作用,影响质量.     

杜仲叶内杜仲胶的形成积累规律

通过对杜仲叶内杜仲胶形成与积累的动态进行全面系统的研究,探索杜仲叶含胶性状年变化和逐年变化的特点和规律以及不同着生部位叶片含胶率随叶龄变化的规律.结果表明:在一年的不同季节中,叶片含胶率差异很大,春季展叶时,叶片含胶率最低,6月下旬达到最大值,着生在枝条不同部位的叶片虽然展叶时间不同,但是叶片含胶率都是在展叶时最低,在叶龄50~65 d时,含胶率几乎都达到最大值,杜仲叶片含胶率与叶龄的相关性达到了极显著水平;杜仲叶片含胶率随着树龄的增大含胶率总体呈提高的趋势并逐步趋于稳定.     

杜仲皮内杜仲胶形成积累的规律

为了弄清杜仲皮含胶率的年变化、逐年变化和垂直变化的特点和规律,为杜仲皮内杜仲胶的有效利用提供科学依据,2002年,在河南省嵩县杜仲综合试验示范基地进行了杜仲皮内杜仲胶形成积累的试验.试验方法为选择典型样株法和随机取样法;杜仲皮样品采集后均进行了发汗处理;采用杜仲胶综合提取法测定含胶率.试验结果表明:杜仲树皮含胶率在一年内的变化不明显;树龄为6 a以前的树皮其含胶率随树龄的增长而提高,树龄为6 a以后的树皮其含胶率有所下降并逐步趋于稳定;同一单株杜仲树皮的含胶率和杜仲胶的密度,随其主干高度的增加总体呈上升趋势;由于杜仲皮含胶率在一年中比较稳定,因而在不同的生长季节均可以取皮利用,且以树龄为6 a的杜仲皮最为适宜;由于树皮木栓层不含杜仲胶,随着树龄增加,树皮木栓层逐步形成,树皮含胶率降低,利用率随之降低.     

油茶查尔酮合酶和异构酶基因的cDNA克隆

查尔酮合酶和查尔酮异构酶是类黄酮代谢与色素苷代谢的关键酶.以油茶近成熟种子cDNA文库和EST文库为材料,通过分子克隆方法鉴定了1条查尔酮合酶基因全长cDNA和1条查尔酮异构酶全长cDNA.结果表明:油茶查尔酮合酶基因的cDNA含1479 bp,编码412个氨基酸,为目前最长的查尔酮合酶,与其它物种的查尔酮合酶具有极高的相似性,在进化上高度同源;油茶查尔酮异构酶基因的cDNA含899 bp,编码206个氨基酸,与茶的查尔酮异构酶基因高度同源,但与其它物种的相似性较低.     

The economics of traditional rattan cultivation

In this paper the author: (a) discusses the uniqueness of rattan among non-timber forest products, (b) examines the financial and the economic profitability of smallholder rattan cultivation, and (c) outlines a strategy for expanding smallholder rattan plantations among non-traditional producers.