市售氯硝柳胺在斑点叉尾组织中的残留消除规律研究

为了研究氯硝柳胺在斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctalus)组织中的残留消除规律,在静水条件下经安全性试验确定安全浓度后,直接对水族箱泼洒25%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐(NES)粉剂后采集斑点叉尾皮肤、肌肉和水样。采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-ESI/MS/MS)测定样品中氯硝柳胺的浓度,结果表明,静水条件下25%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺对斑点叉尾的安全浓度为0.113 mg/kg;养殖水环境中氯硝柳胺能快速消解,实验第2天即低于1μg/L,并呈无规律性持续较长时间;用药24 h内,氯硝柳胺在鱼体肌肉和鱼皮中具有较强的蓄积能力,但48 h后,其在鱼皮和肌肉中呈现快速消除至较低浓度,但后期消除缓慢,并会持续一定时间;氯硝柳胺(NIC)在斑点叉尾肌肉和鱼皮中的消除半衰期T1/2分别为10.66和9.24 d,显著大于在水体中的消除半衷期。     

Biodegradation of Monoethanolamine,Ethylene Glycol and Triethylene Glycol in Laboratory Bioreactors

The release of alkanolamines and glycols into the subsurface soils poses a potential hazard to the environment through impacted soil and groundwater. This study investigated aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of monoethanolamine (MEA), ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). Significant levels of MEA (31 000 mg/kg), MEG (500 mg/kg) and TEG (2100 mg/kg) were successfully aerobically biodegraded in bioreactors. The aerobic slurry experiments suggested initial phosphate (P) limitation, as biodegradation rates increased by one order of magnitude after phosphate addition. Anaerobic decay of MEA, MEG and TEG was unaffected by P-addition. MEA, MEG and TEG degradation products such as acetate, ethanol and ammonium at about 75 000 mg/kg, 8100 mg/kg and 8800 mg/kg degraded completely and did not prevent aerobic biodegradation. This study confirms proposed biodegradation pathways of MEA, MEG, TEG and their breakdown products in natural soil and groundwater using indigenous microbes. Levels of contamination studied here are significantly higher than previously reported.     

邻苯二甲酰亚胺乙氧基环甘油硫代磷脂缀合物的合成

以碘活化的六乙基亚磷酰三胺为磷酰化及环化试剂 ,经“一锅法”合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺乙氧基环甘油硫代磷脂缀合物 ,收率达 90 %左右     

杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在水稻和稻田中的残留及消解动态

为明确杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在稻田系统的使用安全性,采用田间试验方法,研究了杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在长沙、杭州、贵阳三地水稻中的消解动态和最终残留.结果表明,该化学灭螺药在三地的稻田水、土壤、稻秆中消解半衰期分别为1.69～3.01、8.66～13.86 d和5.33～7.70 d.施药后62d糙米中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的最终残留量均＜1.00 mg· kg-1,水稻稻秆中含量最高.在水稻中使用杀螺胺乙醇胺盐70％可湿性粉剂,按推荐剂量900g·hm-2(630 a.i.g·hm-2),最多施药2次,杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在水稻上的安全期为62d.     

Effects of inorganic and organic dietary copper supplementation on growth performance and tissue composition for juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus L.)

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary copper requirement of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and compare the bioavailability of copper sulphate (CuSO₄) and copper‐ethanolamine. A basal diet was formulated using semi‐purified ingredients and analysed to contain 3 mg Cu/kg. Both copper sources were supplemented to the basal diet at either 5, 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg of dry diet. No significant differences were observed in growth performance of fish fed the various diets. However, red drum fed all copper‐supplemented diets retained more copper in liver and whole‐body tissues compared to fish fed the basal diet. Within both inorganic and organic copper treatments, the highest tissue copper concentrations were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg. No significant differences were detected in net copper retention regardless of the nature of the copper source; hence, the bioavailability of copper sulphate and copper‐ethanolamine complex was not different in the diets for juvenile red drum. Furthermore, the minimum copper requirement for growth performance of juvenile red drum appeared to be satisfied when fish were fed the basal diet containing 3 mg Cu/kg diet, and no detrimental effects were observed in red drum fed diets supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg.     

杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在水稻和稻田中的残留及消解动态

为明确杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在稻田系统的使用安全性,采用田间试验方法,研究了杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在长沙、杭州、贵阳三地水稻中的消解动态和最终残留。结果表明,该化学灭螺药在三地的稻田水、土壤、稻秆中消解半衰期分别为1.69～3.01、8.66～13.86d和5.33～7.70d。施药后62d糙米中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的最终残留量均〈1.00mg·kg-1,水稻稻秆中含量最高。在水稻中使用杀螺胺乙醇胺盐70%可湿性粉剂,按推荐剂量900g·hm-（2630a.i.g·hm-2）,最多施药2次,杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在水稻上的安全期为62d。     

植物-土壤系统中氯硝柳胺迁移转化特征

为了解鄱阳湖流域施用氯硝柳胺灭螺可能对区域生态环境产生的影响,对氯硝柳胺在鄱阳湖植物-土壤系统中的迁移转化特性进行了盆栽实验研究。研究结果表明:氯硝柳胺在苔草、藜蒿根际土壤和空白土壤中降解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为14.6、18.3、21.7 d;在植物-土壤系统中,植物根系会促进氯硝柳胺在土壤中迁移转化,转化的主要中间产物有2,5-二羟基苯甲酸,2-氯-4-硝基苯胺,2-氯-4-硝基苯酚,5-氯水杨酸等;苔草和藜蒿根际土壤中氯硝柳胺残留量与微生物数量均呈显著负相关(P0.05),其中,细菌在苔草根际土壤降解氯硝柳胺过程中起主导作用,而藜蒿根际土壤中起主导作用的微生物为放线菌;不同的时间,氯硝柳胺在苔草和黎蒿中的残留量及中间产物浓度不同;黎蒿地上、地下部分的最大残留浓度分别为2.47、0.99 mg·kg~(-1),均出现在盆栽的第10 d;苔草地上、地下部分的最大残留浓度分别为1.7、1.0 mg·kg~(-1),均出现在盆栽的第6 d。氯硝柳胺及其降解的中间产物在植物中残留时间较长,施药期间食用可食植物会存在一定的风险。     

乙醇胺改性硅胶吸附剂对模拟沼气中CH_4/CO_2的分离性能

沼气的主要成分是CH4和CO2,有效地去除沼气中的CO2是确保沼气成为优质燃气的必要条件。吸附法是去除沼气中CO2的有效方法,研制性能优良的吸附剂是吸附法研究的核心问题。该文以FNG-II型硅胶为载体,乙醇胺(ethanolamine,MEA)为改性剂,制备了MEA改性硅胶吸附剂,表示为FS-MEA(FNG-II Silica-ethanolamine)。用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附脱附法、热重-差热、红外光谱等手段对吸附材料的结构、比表面积、孔结构、改性后结构变化等进行了分析。通过动态吸附分离试验,考察了FS-MEA对CH4/CO2的分离性能。结果表明:改性方法可将MEA附着在载体内孔表面,制得的FS-MEA可有效地分离CH4/CO2,但经过2次使用再生后,FS-MEA对CH4/CO2的分离性能有所下降,因此必须提高乙醇胺改性硅胶吸附剂的再生性能,才有可能使其应用于沼气提纯。     

气相色谱法测定工业用二乙醇胺中的杂质

利用HP-5毛细管柱，甲醇为溶剂，三甘醇为内标，氢火焰离子检测器检测，分别对工业用二乙醇胺中杂质-乙醇胺和三乙醇胺进行分离，进而测定其含量。实验结果表明，本方法回收率为93．17％-101．50％，相对标准偏差为1．54％-2．15％。此方法简便、快速、灵敏，并具有较好的准确度和精密度，适用于对工业用二乙醇胺中杂质的质控分析。     

杀螺胺乙醇胺盐原药的反相高效液相色谱测定

利用反相高效液相色谱法研究了两种色谱柱,3种流动相对杀螺胺乙醇胺盐分离效果的影响,并对测定方法进行比较。结果表明,以SpursilTMC18为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇︰水︰三乙胺=90︰10︰0.1(V/V)时,测定值的标准偏差为0.185,变异系数为0.240%,平均回收率为97.12%,线性相关系数为0.999 9。这说明在该条件下杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的分离效果较好,同时该方法简单快捷,可作为分析杀螺胺乙醇胺盐原药的分析方法。