槟榔红色素的抗氧化活性

测定槟榔红色素(areca red pigment,AP)对 DPPH·和·OH的清除能力、对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力、对Fe2+的络合能力,并测定其还原能力.结果表明:槟榔色素对DPPH·、·OH的清除能力较强:对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力很强,抑制率高达79.84%;与VE、没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)、BHT相比,槟榔色素的还原力、对Fe2+的络合能力较弱.说明槟榔红色素是较好的抗氧化剂.     

Pathogenic mechanisms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Goats infected with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) show chronic arthritis and cachexia, which are progressive in nature. The immunopathogenic mechanisms responsible for these progressive clinical symptoms have not been fully elucidated. Various haematological and immunological parameters were evaluated in experimentally-infected goats showing typical signs of CAEV-induced disease. Infected goats showed recurrent lymphocytosis that may be due to constant presentation of antigen by infected cells of a monocyte/macrophage lineage. The serum alkaline phosphatase and -glutamyl transferase concentrations were elevated in infected goats, a characteristic of hepatic and bone disorders. All other serum chemistry parameters were similar between infected and control goats. Importantly, the serum tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) levels were higher in infected goats. The cachexia seen in infected goats may be at least partly due to altered metabolism as a result of prolonged elevation of serum TNF- levels. Depressed natural killer cell activity was observed in infected goats and may contribute towards the establishment of a persistent infection with CAEV.Abbreviations AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - CAEV caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus - GGT -glutamyl transferase - HBSS Hanks' balanced salt solution - HIV human immunodeficiency virus - NK natural killer - PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PCR polymerase chain reaction - SAP serum alkaline phosphatase - TNF tumour necrosis factor     

利用人工增雨为农田需水服务的信息系统框架

针对我国北方地区水资源严重短缺、农田水分供需矛盾日益尖锐的现状 ,提出了首选人工增雨为农田补水的思路 ,并初步设计了一个利用人工增雨为农田需水服务的农田需水信息系统框架。     

Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum

The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.     

小贯小绿叶蝉与其主要天敌空间关系研究方法的比较

天敌与目标害虫空间关系密切与否,直接关系到天敌对目标害虫的控制利用。为了选择较为理想的天敌与害虫之间空间关系的研究方法,本文用地统计学法、模糊相似优先比法,扩散系数法、空间生态位重叠指数法和聚块样方方差分析法研究‘黄山大叶种’茶园和‘农抗早’茶园天敌与小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii 空间关系密切程度,以地统计学法的结果为标准,以其前3位天敌粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola、斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus和鳞纹肖蛸Tetragnatha squamata的位次之和为据,根据位次差别评论5种研究方法研究结果的一致性。聚块样方方差分析方法研究结果与地统计学方法的结果差别较小,其次是扩散系数法和模糊相似优先比法,空间生态位重叠指数法研究结果与地统计学方法的结果差别较大。按照天敌与小贯小绿叶蝉空间关系密切程度位次分析,粽管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛和鳞纹肖蛸是与小贯小绿叶蝉空间关系密切的前3种天敌。本文是对多种研究方法研究结果一致性进行比较的一种尝试,为分析天敌与害虫空间关系选择研究方法提供参考。     

我国自然保护区旅游产业生态模式

我国在自然保护区内开展旅游业十分普遍 ,造成的问题也十分严重 ,因此旅游产业生态化建设在自然保护区内势在必行 ,有利于保护和发展二者齐头并进。该文对自然保护内开展旅游业所造成对环境的潜在威胁作了分析 ,提出自然保护区内实现旅游产业生态化的主要措施 ,以及实现产业生态化的方法 ,最后提出相应的保证措施。     

甘肃省近30年平均降水空间模拟方法的研究

生态环境治理以及全球变化研究的需要强化了部分自然地理要素空间模拟研究的重要性。区域多年平均降水量是影响农业生产的主要气象因子,是合理规划种植制度的重要指标。降水资源的研究是有限的降水资源合理利用和配置的依据。本研究利用ArcMap地理信息系统,对国际主要的4种插值算法(距离权重法、趋势面法、样条函数法、普通Kriging法)进行分析,建立甘肃降水空间数据库,计算并比较分析了甘肃近30年平均降水量的时空变化。对各方法进行比较研究,然后根据插值精度选择其中精度最高的一种进行甘肃近30年的降水模拟。研究结果表明:在平均降水量模拟的4种算法中,普通Kriging的计算精度最高。利用最优的插值方法的栅格降水空间数据库,建立的多年平均降水资源信息系统,可快速计算研究区内任一地域单元中降水的总量及其空间变化,对降水资源模拟、工程规划、发展战略及决策管理,均具有重要的意义。     

甘肃陇南地震扰动区植被群落特征

地震扰动对当地生态环境造成极大的破坏,引起植被群落种类组成、群落结构的变化,本研究采用样带结合海拔梯度的方法,于2013年8-9月,调查和研究了甘肃陇南武都区清水沟植被群落的种类组成、群落结构受地震扰动后的现状。结果表明,研究区内共发现34种植物,分属16科30属,主要以禾本科和菊科植物为主,群落垂直结构明显,大体分为3层;植物群落中多年生草本植物种类最多,是优势生活型,其次是灌木、藤本,无乔木分布;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(E)表现为中坡位>下坡位>上坡位,Simpson优势度指数(D)表现为上坡位>下坡位>中坡位。     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

小白及无菌播种组培快繁技术研究

为探索小白及快速繁育技术,以小白及蒴果为外植体材料,在大棚自然条件下,建立小白及无菌播种组织培养技术体系.研究结果表明:胚龄为15周的小白及蒴果为最佳的外植体材料,消毒灭菌成功率高,在培养基1/2 MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖3%上的萌发率达到90%;最佳的分化培养基为:MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L+2-iP 0.8 mg/L+蔗糖3%,分化率为94.5%;最佳的生根培养基为:1/2 MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+香蕉10%+糖3%,培养60 d后组培苗假鳞茎大,植株健壮,生根率达100%.在昆明地区,大棚自然光条件下培养的小白及组培苗进行大田移栽后,成活率高达95%,长势良好,具有广阔的发展前途.