我国社会救助管理服务体系建设研究

我国社会救助体系不断完善的过程中涉及主体更多元、方式更多样。当前社会救助面临相关部门和组织多、信息复杂、经办分散、分类精准施救难度大等问题。基于我国社会救助模式的合理价值选择，提出管理服务体系建设的重要意义。进而分析社会救助在管理服务上面临的挑战和难题，从组织协调管理、信息网络系统、基层经办机构、社会参与机制四个方面提出构建多层次管理服务体系的思路。力求提高管理服务的效率和效能，促进互助共济社会救助共同体的形成，提升公众满意度，夯实我国民生保障基础。     

Using indicators to assess the environmental impacts of wine growing activity: The INDIGO® method

Environmental assessment methods are needed by agronomists working on the enhancement of cropping systems to meet the demand for more sustainable farming practices. A growing number of operational methods based on a set of indicators have been designed, more for arable crops and livestock than for perennial crops like viticulture. Among them, the INDIGO^® method, originally developed for arable crops, offers a compromise between feasibility and predictive quality. Here we present a modified and expanded version of INDIGO^® for viticulture. The development of new indicators specific to viticulture and the adaptation of existing ones followed a five step approach: (i) preliminary definition of the objectives and identification of the end-users, (ii) construction of the indicator, (iii) selection of a reference value, (iv) sensitivity analysis and (v) validation. Stakeholders from professional institutions and winegrower organizations were closely associated with step (i) to define the framework and step (ii) to supply technical databases. We designed INDIGO^® indicators with all available scientific and expert knowledge which was aggregated into expert systems associating fuzzy subsets or, when possible, quantitative equations.Four indicators; pesticides, nitrogen, energy and soil organic matter, were directly adapted from the initial INDIGO^® method, whereas soil cover and frost protection management were new indicators. Potentialities of their use are highlighted by examples of implementation on different scales and for various purposes.     

Learning the BN Structure Based on the Sum of Mutual Information

The Crossing Entropy is defined to scale the similar level of two probability distribution. In many papers on learning BN structure,the Crossing Entropy was used as an indicator of measuring the learning accuracy of an algorithm.The known scoring metrics for learning BN structure is analyzed in this paper,then a new scoring metrics Sum of Mutual Information is proposed based on the information theory.At last,two algorithm for learning BN structure by SIM is represented.     

构建农村法律援助体系的难点与对策

民主法制建设是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容之一,法律援助在农村民主法制建设中占有突出地位。针对农村法律援助面临人员缺乏、经费不足等问题,提出了采取加强人才队伍建设和拓宽经费筹措渠道等措施。     

水杨酸对梨树叶片光氧化胁迫的缓解效应

以甲基紫精(MV)500 μmo1·L-1在1 150μmol·m-2·s-1左右光强下处理梨树叶片,研究了水杨酸(SA)对梨树叶片光氧化胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明,光氧化胁迫导致梨树叶片光合效率下降,丙二醛(MDA)积累,并导致超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低.光氧化胁迫条件下,SA可提高叶片的光合速率,减少膜脂过氧化产物MDA的积累,提高叶片中SOD的活性并降低叶片质膜透性,减轻光氧化胁迫对细胞膜的伤害.表明水杨酸可以缓解光氧化胁迫对梨树叶片的伤害作用,且在所试浓度范围内,以300μmol·L-1的SA作用效果最好.     

大红犀猎蝽对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫捕食功能反应

为探明天敌昆虫大红犀猎蝽Sycanus falleni对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的捕食潜力,在室内条件下测定大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应,以及不同自身密度对捕食草地贪夜蛾的干扰反应。结果表明:大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应符合Holling II模型;其中大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为4.049头、1.198和0.247 d;大红犀猎蝽雌成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为47.619头、0.717和0.021 d;大红犀猎蝽雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为43.478头、0.650和0.023 d;大红犀猎蝽的捕食量与害虫密度正相关,搜寻效应与害虫密度负相关。大红犀猎蝽自身密度对捕食作用的干扰效应符合Hassell模型,对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食作用率随自身密度的增加而降低。表明大红犀猎蝽3龄若虫和成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫均有一定的捕食能力,大红犀猎蝽成虫的捕食作用大于3龄若虫。     

四川盆地丘陵区土壤水分垂直变异特征研究

根据四川盆地丘陵区重庆市璧山县青杠墒情站点土壤水分每天的动态监测资料,用小波分析的谱相分析方法研究了土壤水分的垂直异质性。结果表明:土壤水分变化是个随机平稳的波动序列;就时间变异来看,其变异有一定的隐周期,大致可分为3~5月的次波动期、7~9月的剧烈波动期、10~2月的相对稳定期。就土壤的垂向变化来看,站点的0~10 cm的变异高于10~20、20~40 cm层变异;各层变异之间存在一定的因果关系,可用互谱密度系数表示,但受降水、蒸发、作物利用等多种因素的制约,并未表现出完全的同步响应关系。     

七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫的捕食能力评价

为了评估七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata对重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith）的防控效果,本试验在室内条件下开展了七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄、2龄幼虫的捕食功能反应和种内干扰研究。结果表明：七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型,七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为233.100头、1.204和0.103 h;对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的日最大捕食量、瞬时攻击率和处理时间分别为41.220头、1.075和0.582 h。七星瓢虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低。七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾的捕食作用受到较强的种内干扰。试验证明七星瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾具有较好的控害效果,可用于对草地贪夜蛾的防控实践。     

基于互信息和混合优化算法的多模医学图像配准

针对互信息函数的多极值问题,提出了一种基于混合优化算法的多模医学图像配准方法.对于多模医学图像,以互信息作为相似性测度,使用混合优化算法搜索出最佳配准变换参数,将待配准图像进行变换,从而达到配准的目的.实验表明,该算法能避免陷入局部最优值,配准结果精度达到亚像素级.     

苏陈镇农村资金互助社发展中存在的问题及对策研究

介绍了江苏省泰州市苏陈镇农村互助社的发展现状,分析了该互助社在发展过程中存在的诸如人才匮乏、资金短缺、法律不健全等问题,并对该互助社未来的发展提出了相应建议。