Genetical relationships between reactions to bacterial leaf spot,yellow mosaic and Cercospora leaf spot diseases in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India.     

基于SSR标记的中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性研究

【目的】分析中国栽培绿豆种质资源的遗传多样性、亲缘关系和遗传分化,为资源的有效利用、新基因的挖掘和新品种选育奠定基础。【方法】利用40对SSR引物对18个不同地理来源（共272份种质）的绿豆群体进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】共检测到125个等位基因,平均等位基因数（NA）为3.1个,平均有效等位基因数（NE）为1.8个,平均Nei’s基因多样性（H）为0.4233,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.3497,平均期望杂合度（He）为0.4241,平均Shannon信息指数（I）为0.6754,比较发现,河北、山东和安徽是绿豆资源遗传变异较为丰富的地区;平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.1001,种群内总近交系数（Fis）为0.6759,表明中国绿豆种质间存在一定程度地近交现象;18个参试群体整体水平上的基因流（Nm）值为0.6936,种群间遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.2649,遗传变异水平较高;基于Popgene软件的聚类结果可将272份参试个体聚为2大类,将18个参试群体分为3大类,群体间地理来源越近,亲缘关系也越近。【结论】中国绿豆种质资源遗传多样性较高;地理生态条件等对绿豆种质资源的遗传变异影响很大;群体间遗传分化较大,但同时也存在一定程度地近交现象。     

"AVRDC"绿豆品系的评价及应用

引进了“AVRDC”47个绿豆品系,并进行了鉴定与研究,筛选、推广了适宜河北省种植的品系VC1973A(中绿一号)和VC2719A(中绿二号),明确了“AVRDC”绿豆新品系的应用特点。并与当地资源杂交选育,培育出综合性状优良的新品系。     

烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发与生长影响的研究

比较不同烫浸种处理对绿豆芽萌发和生长的影响,得出绿豆芽最佳的烫浸种条件组合为:1)烫种温度55℃,烫种时间20min;2)浸种温度25℃,浸种时间6h。     

野生绿豆种质资源TC1966抗豆象基因的AFLP标记研究

野生种抗豆象绿豆种质资源TC1966对多个豆象小种均具有很好的抗虫性。通过对抗虫亲本TC1966、感虫亲本绿1号及以中绿1号为轮回亲本经多代回交后获得的3个近等基因系材料进行抗虫鉴定．结果轮回亲本中绿1号的种子被害率〉90％．表现高感（HS）；抗性亲本TC1966及三个高代材料种子被害率〈10％，表现高抗（HR）．说明抗虫亲本TC1966中的抗虫基因呈显性遗传，且能够在后代材料中稳定遗传和表达。本文利用AFLP分子标记技术对该5份试验材料进行了多态性指纹图谱分析．结果从830对AFLP引物组合中筛选出在抗、感虫材料间表现多态性的引物组合100对。将部分多态性AFLP特异扩增条带从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上回收，然后将二次扩增产物进行测序，并通过同源性序列比较的手段进行了相关生物信息学分析。本研究为今后进一步开展抗豆象基因的AFLP分子标记及其转化研究乃至抗豆象基因的克隆工作提供参考依据。     

可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的制备及其在青脆李保鲜中的应用

以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10^-5g·mm·cm^-2·h^-1·Pa^-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。     

Salt stress and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: effects,physiological perspective and management practices for alleviating salinity

Mungbean is an important food grain legume with high economic status. It has an excellent source of dietary protein and nutritional health benefits, particularly for the vegetarians. It increases soil fertility and also plays an imperative role in major cropping systems due to its short life span. Production of mungbean is still decreasing due to its susceptibility towards various environmental stress factors. Salt stress is one of the most prevailing abiotic stress imposing threats for agriculture food crops along with increasing world population and limited natural resources. Fewer efforts have been made to develop an improved variety of mungbean. The present review summarizes the adverse effects of salt stress and mungbean response at the physiological and molecular level. It covers recent studies on introgression of useful traits in mungbean for its better adaptability and survival under stressed conditions. Modern biotechnological approaches and traditional breeding methods may assist the development of salt-tolerant cultivars of mungbean for salinity-affected area in arid and semi-arid regions. Researchers involved in this area should keep this goal on priority for sustainable mungbean production. Availability of protein-rich food may help to reduce the problem of malnutrition in poor families and national food security issue for a continuous rising population.     

Influence of summer legume residue recycling and varietal diversification on productivity,energetics, and nutrient dynamics in basmati rice–wheat cropping system of western Indo-Gangetic Plains

A field experiment was conducted on summer mungbean residue recycling (SMBRR) and basmati rice–wheat cropping system (BRWCS) at New Delhi, India. The SMBRR enhanced the system productivity and net returns by ～19.1% and 22.1% compared to summer fallow (SF) with highest magnitude under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967. Two genotypes each in basmati rice (PB 1 and P 2511) and wheat (HD 2967 and HD 2733) responded well to SMBRR with respect to grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) ≥ 1.0. SMBRR also registered ～13.5% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) than SF. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage also increased by ～6.8% in 0–30 cm soil layer. The rice–wheat–summer mungbean system produced significantly highest energy efficiency compared to the rice–wheat–summer fallow system with highest values under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967 as a result of better yield expression. Overall, SMBRR with suitable genotypic sequence improved the system productivity, profitability, and nutrient dynamics in BRWCS, which are vital for long-term sustainability of this system.     

High-temperature-tolerant mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) lines produce better yields when exposed to higher CO2 levels

Increasing global air temperatures, along with rising CO₂ levels, are causing concerns about reducing available freshwater resources and altering cropping patterns. They may influence overall growth and production pattern of crop plants. These likely changes would become major limiting factors for future sustainable food production largely in the tropics and subtropics. Thus, understanding physiological responses hold the key to determining the functional relationship between the environment and crop performance. We explore here the impact of rising CO₂ on the growth and yield traits of a few selected high-temperature (HT)-tolerant mungbean lines, which we earlier screened for HT tolerance using a physiological assay under managed growth conditions. The HT-tolerant lines grown under elevated CO₂ levels (550 and 700 μL L^?1) showed a considerable improvement in growth rates (13.5%, 67.8%, and 46.5% in plant height, leaf area, and total dry matter, respectively) and pod and seed yield (48.7% and 31.7%, respectively), compared to local checks under the same environments. Interestingly, the symptoms of accelerated pod maturity were also observed in most of these lines. The outcome of the study would undoubtedly open up opportunities for increased yield potentials of legumes under the conditions of the warming climate and elevated levels of carbon dioxide.     

Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.