Outdoor mass microalgae production in Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico

The diatom Chaetoceros muelleri was grown in outdoor mass cultures under the winter, spring and summer conditions of Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico. The solar irradiance in winter was close to 60% of that available in spring and summer, but the cell concentrations and the harvestable biomass were one order of magnitude higher in spring and summer than in winter. There was no difference between the biomass harvested after 2 and 3 days in winter and summer, whereas in spring it was higher after 3 days. The protein content was significantly lower in winter, and carbohydrates and lipids were higher in winter and spring. The number of cells and the amount of harvestable biomass of outdoor cultures of C. muelleri depend on the temperature prevailing in each season, which causes significant differences in growth rates and in biochemical composition.     

缅甸魔芋(Amorphophallus Muelleri)资源分布及产业基本概况

在缅甸13个含葡甘聚糖的野生魔芋种中，黄魔芋、白魔芋和红魔芋是当地民众习惯上按色泽进行区分的3类魔芋，每类又各包含几个种。其中, 上缅甸以红魔芋和缅甸白魔芋居多，下缅甸则以黄魔芋和耐热型白魔芋(A. variabilis)为多。缅甸魔芋现仍以野生资源为主，加工品以干片为多，大宗产品出口中国，部分销往日本。因比较优势明显，日本已开始与缅方合作在缅规模化种植弥勒魔芋。     

7种试剂对3种饵料微藻絮凝效应的研究

[目的]探讨絮凝剂对牟氏角毛藻、微绿球藻、湛江等鞭金藻3种海洋饵料微藻的絮凝效应。[方法]采用5种无机试剂和2种有机试剂分别以6种不同的浓度处理藻液,连续4h跟踪测定藻细胞的沉淀情况。[结果]5种无机试剂对3种海洋饵料微藻均有一定的絮凝作用,而2种有机试剂的絮凝效果均不明显。硫酸锌和硫酸铝对牟氏角毛藻的絮凝效果明显;明矾、硫酸锌和聚合氯化铝对微绿球藻的絮凝效果明显;硫酸铝对湛江等鞭金藻的絮凝效果较明显。[结论]为生产性海洋饵料微藻的采收提供理论依据。     

Distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton communities in different ecosystems of the Northeast Atlantic

Results are presented of an extensive ichthyoplankton survey that covered the continental slope, the offshore banks and oceanic regions west of Ireland. Oceanographic measurements revealed domes of cold, less saline water over the Porcupine, Rockall and Faroese Banks, constituting Taylor columns. The most species-rich stations were those found on and close to the offshore banks and the shelf edge. Larvae found in these areas were mainly from demersal fish species, including some commercial species such as haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, lemon sole Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792), ling Molva molva (L.) and witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (L.). The deep water stations of the Rockall Trough and the north and west stations off the Rockall and Hatton Banks were characterized by a low number of species and high numbers of individuals of mesopelagic species such as Maurolicus muelleri and Benthosema glaciale . Results from multivariate statistical analysis confirmed that species compositions varied significantly at different sites and were related to environmental conditions, whereby sites of similar temperature, salinity and bottom depth harboured similar species assemblages. Generalized additive mixed modelling was used to model the relationship between species richness and environmental variables and confirmed that there was a significant negative relationship between species richness and bottom depth indicating that the offshore banks and the slope stations present favourable habitats for a large number of species.     

长江口底泥浸出液和悬浮液对叶绿素a含量的影响

以微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)和牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)为受试生物,检验不同浓度的底泥浸出液和悬浮液对其叶绿素a含量的影响试验,探讨长江口底泥污染物析出对浮游植物生长的影响。研究结果表明,浓度低于或等于20%时,底泥浸出液对牟氏角毛藻和微绿球藻生长影响不显著;高于20%时,浓度越高,抑制作用越加明显。悬浮液抑制作用强于浸出液。浸出液对叶绿素a含量增长的抑制作用,在牟氏角毛藻试验的第4天开始显现,在微绿球藻试验和悬浮液试验中,第3天就开始显现。在较低浓度中,微绿球藻对污染物的反应更加灵敏,而牟氏角毛藻是适合较高浓度的受试物种。底泥重金属溶出是影响浮游植物生长的主要原因之一。     

盐度、温度和光照对广西沿海牟氏角毛藻生长的影响

【目的】结合广西防城港海区的水质和环境条件,探讨影响牟氏角毛藻生长的主要理化因子,筛选最佳理化参数,为规模化扩培生产提供技术数据。【方法】采用单因子变量方法研究盐度、温度、光照强度对牟氏角毛藻生长的影响,其中盐度设置0‰、5‰、10‰、20‰、30‰、35‰、40‰共7个梯度,温度设置25、28、31、34℃共4个梯度,光照强度设置1 000、4 000、7 000 lx共3个梯度。【结果】牟氏角毛藻在盐度5‰～40‰条件下均能正常生长,20‰盐度为牟氏角毛藻的最适盐度;高温培养条件下,31℃时牟氏角毛藻达到最大藻细胞浓度;温度越低,生长速度越慢,稳定期越长;温度越高,生长速度越快,稳定期越短;4 000 lx为牟氏角毛藻的最适生长光照强度,光照强度越高,稳定期越长。【结论】20‰盐度、31℃水温和4 000 lx光照强度是广西防城港海区牟氏角毛藻的最佳生长条件,生长速度和藻细胞密度均达最高值;过高或过低的盐度、温度、光照强度均会抑制牟氏角毛藻的生长。     

魔芋胶与瓜胶未来产业竞争态势分析

比较魔芋和瓜尔豆生物学特性、现有资源区位优势及魔芋胶和瓜胶产品性状等,魔芋胶在理化指标方面明显优于瓜胶,尤其是粘度及凝胶特性显著好于瓜胶。弥勒魔芋规模种植必将伴随魔芋产量的大幅增加,可提升我国魔芋产业在全球的市场份额及产业集中度,显著增强魔芋胶的竞争力,逐渐动摇瓜胶在传统产业中的现有竞争优势。     

离心·冷藏对牟氏角毛藻再培养的影响

[目的]探索牟氏角毛藻经浓缩运输和冷藏保存后再作藻种和饵料的可行性效果。[方法]通过离心和低温冷藏2种方法处理牟氏角毛藻,然后再继续进行再培养,以此来延长牟氏角毛藻的储存时间并减小运输量。[结果]试验表明,经不同离心速度和不同离心时间处理后的角毛藻进行再培养,生长速率不同。在3000 r/min的转速下离心7 min的角毛藻再培养效果最好,最大生长率可达0.83,并且在此离心条件下的藻泥静置5 d之内再添加培养基进行培养仍生长良好。但是经4℃冷藏后的角毛藻常温下再培养效果不好。[结论]低温冷藏会影响藻细胞的正常生长,而且随着冷藏时间的延长,细胞再培养愈来愈困难。因此,建议科研及生产中不采用此种方法作为保种技术。     

人工培养牟氏角毛藻对弧菌抑制效果研究

研究了不同接种密度的牟氏角毛藻培育系统对2种弧菌的抑制效果及其相关性。结果表明牟氏角毛藻培育系统能够抑制2种弧菌的生长,并随着接种密度增加其抑制弧菌所需时间缩短;其中抑制副溶血弧菌的效果好于溶藻弧菌,2种弧菌均可利用牟氏角毛藻营养盐进行快速生长,但是它并没有促进或抑制角毛藻细胞的生长;加入弧菌的角毛藻培育系统中异养细菌的生长随着角毛藻的生长而变化,但是当角毛藻生长到后期,总的异养细菌均达到一个稳定值(约2×105CFU·mL-1),其中A号异养细菌远远超过其它异养细菌的量。A号异养细菌和角毛藻亲和力强而且能相互促进生长。     

盐度对牟氏角毛藻生长及总脂含量的影响

[目的]研究不同盐度对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)生长及总脂含量的影响,以确定最高油脂产率的盐度。[方法]采用微挑法进行藻株的分离纯化;采用血球计数法进行细胞计数、干重法测定藻株生物量;采用氯仿-甲醇法进行藻株总脂含量的测定。[结果]盐度为20‰时,牟氏角毛藻生长最快,最大细胞密度为2.1×106个/ml,干重为58.89 mg/L,;盐度为25‰时,牟氏角毛藻总脂含量最高,达到29.93%。[结论]综合评价其生长及总脂积累,得出盐度为20‰时,牟氏角毛藻总脂产率最高,但与盐度25‰时差异不大。