分子印迹电化学传感器对苯醚菊酯的检测

应用热引发的方法研制了苯醚菊酯的分子印迹电化学传感器.用循环伏安法对影响该传感器制备的因素进行了优化，并对其性能进行了评价.实验表明：该传感器具有比较高的灵敏度和选择性，响应电流与苯醚菊酯的浓度在1.0~100.0 μmol/L成良好的线性关系，线性系数R为0.992 8,检出限为2.0 × 10-7 mol/L.将其应用于湘江水中苯醚菊酯的检测，回收率在95.62%~103.19%之间.     

Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle

Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 d of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle, and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared with moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle.     

硅胶表面霉酚酸分子印迹聚合物的合成及应用

【目的】合成一种对霉酚酸具有特异性识别的分子印迹聚合物吸附材料,用于青贮饲料中霉酚酸的净化、富集和分析检测。【方法】以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-MPS)改性的硅胶为载体、霉酚酸酯为虚拟模板,合成硅胶表面接枝分子印迹聚合物,采用扫描电镜对制备材料进行表征,通过平衡吸附试验评价材料吸附特性。建立基于合成的分子印迹聚合物固相萃取-高效液相色谱(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法检测青贮饲料中霉酚酸。【结果】改性硅胶表面成功包裹一层印迹聚合物。静态吸附试验表明,印迹材料饱和吸附量为4.5 mg/g;动态吸附试验表明,该材料吸附速率快,60 min内即达到吸附平衡。基于该印迹材料作为固相萃取吸附剂建立了HPLC法,霉酚酸的回收率为76.0%～81.2%,相对标准偏差小于7%,检测限达60μg/kg。【结论】制备的硅胶表面霉酚酸分子印迹聚合物可特异性吸附霉酚酸,建立的分子印迹聚合物固相萃取–HPLC法可用于日常青贮饲料中霉酚酸的分析测定,了解青贮饲料被霉菌毒素污染的状况。研究结果可为青贮饲料的质量安全控制提供指导。     

铅离子印迹磁性材料的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除研究

[目的]制备铅离子印迹和非印迹磁性材料,研究两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除行为,考察两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附选择性,探索其脱附和循环利用性.[方法]采用透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱和能量色散谱等方法对两种材料的形貌和结构进行表征;采用静态吸附法,以原子吸收为检测手段,探讨了pH值、反应时间及Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附能力的影响;采用Langmuir等温吸附模型和Ho准二级动力学方程对其进行热力学和动力学模拟研究;以Cd(Ⅱ)为竞争离子,研究两种材料对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附选择性;以硝酸为脱附试剂,考察其脱附和循环利用性.[结果]1)与Fe3O4 10 nm的粒径相比,铅离子印迹磁性材料粒径增至80～90 nm;两种材料红外光谱图中557 cm-1处出现强吸收峰,证实Fe-O键存在,2 940 cm-1和1 084 cm-1处的吸收峰证实C-H和Si-O键存在;X射线衍射光谱图显示,它们都具有Fe3O4晶型及SiO2壳层;能量色散谱结果显示,它们主要构成元素为C、O、Si、S和Fe,说明Fe3O4磁核已被SiO2包覆,且巯基已成功键合至两种材料的表面.2)在低酸度时Pb(Ⅱ)基本不被两种材料吸附;当pH值从3增至7时,吸附率不断增大并达到最大,且非印迹材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附率低于印迹材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附率.3)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量随时间的增加而升高,最后达到平衡吸附.4)随着溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度的增加,铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量先是急剧上升,然后达到饱和吸附.5)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和热力学分别符合准二级吸附模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型.6)铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ)选择吸附系数K为29.75,对Pb(Ⅱ)/Cd(Ⅱ)的相对选择系数是非印迹磁性材料的5.86倍,说明该材料对Pb(Ⅱ)具有良好的吸附选择性.7)研究了HNO3对保留在铅印迹磁性材料上Pb(Ⅱ)的脱附影响,结果显示0.5 mol·L-1 HNO3可定量脱附Pb(Ⅱ),且材料可重复使用5次而脱附率无变化.[结论]在pH 7、反应时间为60 min及Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为10 mg·L-1时铅印迹磁性材料对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量可达38 mg·g-1,可有效去除水中Pb(Ⅱ);该材料对Pb(Ⅱ)具有一定的选择性且具有很好的再生性.     

氯霉素分子印迹聚合物在食品检测中的应用进展

分子印迹聚合物具有构效预定性、特定识别性、化学稳定性和广泛适用性等优点,近年来在食品检验、化学分析、药物分离和检测等领域得到了广泛应用。该文系统介绍了氯霉素分子印迹聚合物的合成方法以及在食品检测中的应用。     

分子标记聚合物在生物传感器中的应用

介绍了分子标记聚合物（MIPs）具有与天然抗体同样的识别性能和与高分子同样的抗腐蚀性能的双重优点，广泛地被应用于生物工程、医药、环境监测、食品工业等众多领域，作者阐述了基质形状对分子标记或识别的影响，展望了其应用前景。     

氯霉素分子印迹膜的制备及其吸附特性的电化学研究

试验采用分子印迹技术和电化学聚合物法,在弱酸条件下,以琥珀酸氯霉素为模板分子,邻苯二胺为功能单体,用循环伏安法合成了稳定的琥珀酸氯霉素分子印迹膜,并用差式脉冲法对此印迹膜进行了表征。结果表明,该膜响应快速、灵敏度高、选择性好、具有良好再生性能,在检测氯霉素电化学传感器的研制中具有良好的应用前景。     

分子印迹固相萃取和丝网印刷电极联用技术检测猪尿中盐酸克伦特罗

实验采用本体热聚合的方式合成盐酸克伦特罗的分子印迹物(molecularly imprintedpolymers,MIPs),通过扫描电镜、吸附实验和分子印迹固相萃取研究该印迹材料的性能。用盐酸克伦特罗分子印迹材料作为固相萃取剂,优化固相萃取条件,采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对洗脱液进行电化学性能测试。结果表明,此印迹物的平衡吸附常数(b)为5.14mL/mol,电化学传感器的电流值与盐酸克伦特罗的浓度在0.056～2.78mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测下限为0.005mg/L,盐酸克伦特罗在猪尿样品中的回收率为89.3%～99.6%。此萃取方法也呈现出良好的选择性和稳定性。     

Attribute selection and model evaluation for the maternal and paternal imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) using supervised machine learning algorithms

Imprinted genes display biased expression of paternal and maternal alleles in mammals. They are marked through epigenetic process during gametogenesis. Characterization of imprinted genes has expanded our understanding of the regulation and function of genes. In the current study, 22 experimentally validated imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) were analysed. Several supervised machine learning algorithms and attribute weighting methods were used to find characteristics of different types of imprinted genes and suggest a classification method for finding maternally and paternally expressed genes in bovine. For assessing the best model and comparing attributes in other organisms, we have also conducted a comparative analysis for human and sheep imprinted genes. According to the results of the present study, GC contents 10 and 100 kb upstream, Gly and Gln amino acids, Ile/ATC codon usage, LINE and SINE in 100kbup and length of first intron were significantly different between the maternal and paternal genes in cattle. Considering all species together, we found that GC content 100 kb up, LINE 100 kb up and the frequency of amino acids like Gly, Gln and Met were the most important attributes for identifying the paternal and maternal imprinted genes. These findings could imply conservation pattern in the attributes among these species.