棉花混选-混交育种体系遗传改良效应研究——Ⅰ.主要育种目标性状的响应

研究了陆地棉主要性状对混选—混交育种体系的响应。两轮群体提高了产量、早熟性和降低了麦克隆值的平均数;扩大了纤维品质的变幅;增加了高产株率,但对改进抗枯黄萎病性不明显。一轮群体的效果低于二轮。两次混交扩大了产量和纤维品质的变幅,增加了正末端的个体频率。一次混交的作用不及两次。早代混选相对缩小了群体变幅。一次混交后再经两代开放授粉和对一轮群体再混选,均表现出有益的反响。     

Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen in Ewes at Different Times of the Breeding Season

Totally 13575 ewes of two different breeds, Dala and Spel, were inseminated with semen, frozen in straws and thawed at 70°C for 8 sec. An insemination dose of 0.2 ml containing approx. 150 × 10⁶ spermatozoa with at least 45 to 50% progressive motility was imerted 5 to 12 mm into the cervix. The insemination was performed once between 12 and 30 h after the onset of heat. The NR rate of the Dala ewes increased significantly during the season. The NR rate of the ewes inseminated before 15. November was 44.3%, from 15. to 20. November 52.2%. from 20. to 25. November 55.3% and from 25. November and later 61.4%. The corresponding values for the ewes of the Spel breed were 57.3, 58.7, 61.5 and 71.0% respectively, and only the difference between the two last values was statistically significant. The difference between the fertility of the two breeds was significant within each of the periods .     

香鱼人工育苗技术

根据作者多年来香鱼人工育苗的实践经验，总结了香鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育中关键性的技术。     

优良乡土树种观光木选育与栽培技术研究

观光木是木兰科单种属植物，是国家保护的珍稀濒危植物，是我国南方常绿阔叶林中的优势建群树种。以其树干通直、材质优良、速生、树形优美等特性而备受关注。我们在观光木科学引种栽培的基础上，对其生物生态学特性、繁育技术、营林配套技术进行了一系列基础性的研究工作，为全面选育和开发该树种奠定了良好的技术支撑。     

北疆苜蓿属植物繁育系统的研究

采用等位酶技术，对北疆苜蓿属植物种群的繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明，北疆苜蓿属植物种群为外繁育系统，黄花苜蓿、多变苜蓿、紫花苜蓿基因组成中杂合体过多，均保持较低的自交结实率。参试苜蓿属植物表现某种程度的内繁育衰退现象，地理或生殖隔离等因素可能是导致个别种群出现内繁育衰退现象的原因之一。对北疆苜蓿属遗传资源保护时，既要选择遗传基础丰富的种和种群以保持最多的遗传变异，还要注意选择具有不同等位的种群以保持原有的基因和基因频率。     

Orobanche species and population discrimination using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)

Summary Orobanche species are commonly identified using morphological characteristics. In many cases, the distinction of closely related species is difficult, and a molecular tool is more suitable to differentiate them. In this study, genomic polymorphism between morphologically distinct species was investigated through amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) regions. Five primers were used to study genetic variation in the morphologically distinct species O. hederae and O. amethystea, as well as the closely related species O. cernua and O. cumana. For the first two species, all the primers detected genetic polymorphism. Anchored primers allowed the identification of more specific molecular markers than non‐anchored tri‐ and tetranucleotide primers. Genetic polymorphism was investigated among three O. hederae populations using the two types of primer. One non‐anchored and two anchored primers detected intraspecific variation, which was not correlated with the geographical location of those populations. The primer (GATA)₄ detected polymorphism between five specimens each of O. cernua and O. cumana species collected from different countries, permitting these two closely related species to be clearly differentiated. This study demonstrated that ISSR markers can be highly reliable for precise identification of Orobanche species.     

苹果梨的育种价值

该文指出,苹果梨综合性状优良,是很好的梨育种种质资源;以苹果梨及其后代为亲本已选育出30余个新品种,大大丰富了梨种质资源;苹果梨的大果、耐贮、小果心、抗寒等优良性状在后代品种中有较强的表现;以苹果梨与多倍体品种杂交后代为多倍体的比率较高。并展望了苹果梨在今后育种中的主要研究方向。     

Male-to-female aggression in cage-housed common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during the breeding season was not related to male plasma testosterone level

1. The aim of this study was to investigate if male-to-female aggression of common pheasants in the course of the breeding season was related to the concentration of plasma testosterone and/or other biochemical plasma indicators in male pheasants housed in breeding cages. The influence of season on the concentration of testosterone and biochemical indicators was also investigated.

2. Males were divided into non-aggressive and aggressive groups during the breeding season based on ethological evaluation. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the breeding season, a blood sample was taken from all males on the same day and the concentration of selected biochemical indicators and the total circulating testosterone in the plasma were determined.

3. Male-to-female aggression during the breeding season of pheasants was not influenced by the total plasma testosterone of males.

4. The concentration of total plasma testosterone in males decreased gradually during the breeding season.

5. Male-to-female aggression of pheasants did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed biochemical indicators.

6. The influence of the breeding season affected the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the concentrations of glucose, magnesium, potassium and chloride in the blood plasma of cage-housed male pheasants.     

鱼腥草中产槲皮素内生真菌的分离鉴定

【目的】探索鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata Thunb.）中是否存在产槲皮素的内生真菌。【方法】采用组织块法对鱼腥草内生真菌进行分离培养,分离纯化后收集菌丝利用薄层色谱（TLC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测其代谢产物中的槲皮素,并分析其产量。采用形态学和内部转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列分析鉴定产槲皮素的内生真菌。【结果】从鱼腥草不同部位共分离得到9株内生真菌,其中由根中分离得到的菌株YXC-G1具有产生槲皮素的能力,为笋顶孢属（Acrostalagmus sp.）真菌,菌丝中槲皮素的含量为8.296 mg/g。【结论】从鱼腥草根部分离到1株产槲皮素的内生真菌YXC-G1,其可作为生产槲皮素的备选菌株。     

四川地区猕猴桃病毒1的RT-PCR检测及外壳蛋白基因序列分析

为了明确近期新西兰报道的侵染猕猴桃的新病毒——猕猴桃病毒1(Actinidia virus 1,AcV-1)在四川地区猕猴桃上的发生情况及其分子特性,采用RT-PCR对来自四川6个地区疑似感染病毒的90份猕猴桃主栽品种‘红阳’和‘金果’的叶片样品进行检测。结果表明,22份样品为AcV-1阳性,检出率为24.4%。将获得的5个AcV-1分离物和已报道的新西兰分离物K75的外壳蛋白(coatprotein,CP)基因序列进行比对,结果表明,分离物间核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的相似性分别为84.8%～97.1%和89.7%～99.6%,其中除邛崃分离物HYH5与新西兰分离物K75的核苷酸序列相似性较高(97.1%)外,其余4个分离物均低于91%。系统进化分析结果显示,这些分离物主要聚集在3个分支上,分离物HYH5与新西兰分离物K75位于同一分支,其余分离物位于另外2个分支。