中华鲟硬组织微结构及微化学的特征探索

为了在中华鲟洄游生态学研究上有新突破,实验首次比较研究了中华鲟3种硬组织(耳石、背骨板和胸鳍条)的微结构和微化学特征.结果 发现,耳石结构松散,存在多个耳砂(微晶球霰石球晶)颗粒,且每个颗粒均具有独立的核心;背骨板存在分层现象;胸鳍条结构较为致密,且均一.胸鳍条、耳石中生境元素Co/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比特征变...     

Comparison of Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Acid-Soluble and Pepsin-Soluble Collagens from Blacktip Reef Shark Skin

Fish collagen has been widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications as an implant, which is generally transplanted into target tissue with stem cells for better regeneration ability. In this case, the success rate of this research depends on the fundamental components of fish collagen such as amino acid composition, structural and rheological properties. Therefore, researchers have been trying to find an innovative raw material from marine origins for tissue engineering applications. Based on this concept, collagens such as acid-soluble (ASC) and pepsin-soluble (PSC) were extracted from a new type of cartilaginous fish, the blacktip reef shark, for the first time, and were further investigated for physicochemical, protein pattern, microstructural and peptide mapping. The study results confirmed that the extracted collagens resemble the protein pattern of type-I collagen comprising the α₁, α₂, β and γ chains. The hydrophobic amino acids were dominant in both collagens with glycine and hydroxyproline as major amino acids. From the FTIR spectra, α helix (27.72 and 26.32%), β-sheet (22.24 and 23.35%), β-turn (21.34 and 22.08%), triple helix (14.11 and 14.13%) and random coil (14.59 and 14.12%) structures of ASC and PSC were confirmed, respectively. Collagens retained their triple helical and secondary structure well. Both collagens had maximum solubility at 3% NaCl and pH 4, and had absorbance maxima at 234 nm, respectively. The peptide mapping was almost similar for ASC and PSC at pH 2, generating peptides ranging from 15 to 200 kDa, with 23 kDa as a major peptide fragment. The microstructural analysis confirmed the homogenous fibrillar nature of collagens with more interconnected networks. Overall, the preset study concluded that collagen can be extracted more efficiently without disturbing the secondary structure by pepsin treatment. Therefore, the blacktip reef shark skin could serve as a potential source for collagen extraction for the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.     

东北梅花鹿卵泡发育的显微结构

为揭示雌性东北梅花鹿的生殖机理提供组织依据,利用光学显微镜观察7只成年东北梅花鹿卵巢的组织结构和卵泡的发育过程,同时利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术分别对60个原始卵泡、60个初级卵泡、25个次级卵泡、34个三级卵泡和3个成熟卵泡及透明带厚度进行测量和拍照。结果表明,东北梅花鹿卵巢组织也是由生殖上皮、白膜、皮质和髓质构成;皮质部在卵巢的外周,但间质腺不发达;髓质位于皮质深层,分布有较多的血管。卵泡在发育过程中,各级卵母细胞和卵泡的直径差异较大,卵泡和卵母细胞的生长呈双向生长;透明带物质出现于3~4层卵泡细胞包围卵母细胞时;卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞和卵泡细胞的形态变化,有两种形式;三级卵泡的闭锁过程分为早期、中期和后期3个阶段。     

白茎盐生草幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应研究

采用盆栽试验对白茎盐生草幼苗进行为期0d、5d、10d、15d、20d、25d的自然失水胁迫,通过生理生长指标和叶片微观结构研究白茎盐生草幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应,为干旱半干旱区水土保持和生态恢复提供理论基础.研究表明:随干旱程度的加深,土壤含水率、白茎盐生草叶片肉质化程度、叶片相对含水量明显下降,而根冠比、质膜相对透性、...     

AM80-0.2Sr-1.5Ca镁合金高温压缩过程动态再结晶模拟

在Gleeble-1500热压缩实验机上对AM80-0.2Sr-1.5Ca镁合金进行高温压缩实验，得到了该合金在温度为300~450 ℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的流变应力曲线.结合改进的Laasraoui-Jonas（L-J）位错密度模型和Kock-Mecking（K-M）位错密度模型，获得AM80-0.2Sr-1.5Ca镁合金在改进的L-J位错密度模型中的应变硬化参数和应变软化参数，建立该合金的动态再结晶模型.利用DEFORM-3D软件，实现了对AM80-0.2Sr-1.5Ca镁合金在450 ℃热压缩实验时微观组织演变和位错密度变化过程的有限元模拟，并与实际热压缩实验微观组织进行对比.研究结果表明：在相同的温度和应变量下，应变速率较低时，AM80-0.2Sr-1.5Ca镁合金组织粗大且晶粒分布不均，随着应变速率增大，再结晶组织细小均匀模拟与实验结果一致，说明求解的应变硬化参数和应变软化参数准确，所建立的动态再结晶模型能准确预测该合金高温压缩过程动态再结晶过程.     

Strength and Microstructure of Sulphoaluminate Cement Containing Ultra- Fine CaCO3

The existence of ettringite in sulphoaluminate cement hardened paste is mainly in the form of pole-like crystal,which causes unfavorable effect on the cement.In this paper the strength and microstructure of the sulphoaluminate cement containing ultra-fine CaCO_3 weze discussed.Experimet results show that the strength of sulphoaluminate cement was obviously improved by adding 3% of ultra-fine CaCO_3.After curing for 28d,the compressive strength of cement paste and mortar is 100.6MPa and 94.1MPa respectively,and the bending strength of the mortar reached 12.5MPa.SEM study on hardened paste of sulphoaluminate cement containing ultra-fine CaCO_3 showed that its structure was dense and homogeneous,there was hardly any massive crystall detected.     

东太平洋茎柔鱼的耳石微结构

根据采集于东太平洋哥斯达黎加、秘鲁和智利外海的茎柔鱼耳石样本,分析了其生长纹、标记轮和其他异常结构。结果显示,耳石生长纹由明暗相间的环纹组成,按照生长纹宽度的不同可分为后核心区、暗区和外围区3个明显的生长区。通过对后核心区和暗区生长纹的计数显示,哥斯达黎加、秘鲁和智利外海3个海区的茎柔鱼仔鱼的年龄分别约为26、32和33日龄,稚鱼的年龄分别约为86、84和88日龄。茎柔鱼的耳石微结构中存在7类标记轮,它们的形成与茎柔鱼自身的内源节律(孵化、交配、产卵等)和外部环境压力(温度骤变、捕食者攻击等)等因素有关。研究还在个别茎柔鱼的耳石中发现一些不规则的异常结构(副核心、附生长纹、附中心)和生长纹方向颠倒的现象,推断它们的形成可能是由于外力作用使得耳石被破坏或耳石脱离原先的位置所造成的。     

四川华鳊卵子发生的显微结构观察

为探究四川华鳊(Sinibrama taeniatus)卵子的发生规律,对其卵子发生进行了显微结构观察和描述。将卵子发生分为卵原细胞(Ⅰ时相)、单层滤泡时相(Ⅱ时相)、卵黄泡出现时相(Ⅲ时相)、卵黄充满时相(Ⅳ时相)和成熟卵子(Ⅴ时相) 5个时相。观察发现,四川华鳊卵原细胞存在2种形态,分别为早期卵原细胞和有丝分裂过程中的卵原细胞;同时将早期初级卵母细胞划入Ⅱ时相,此阶段细胞核膜边缘出现多个小核仁,将其作为小生长期开始的标志;Ⅲ时相卵黄泡出现,当卵黄泡积累至3～5层时,卵黄物质即开始积累,此时多以卵黄颗粒的形式存在;进入Ⅳ时相后,卵黄物质沉积形成卵黄小板,卵黄泡被挤压至卵周,形成皮层小泡,卵子成熟后,原皮层小泡所在区域呈块状或颗粒状,经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后呈橘红色。