非平行直纹面的电解磨削

为解决整体叶轮扭曲叶片型面的精加工难题,本文进行了五轴联动数控展成电解磨削的基础研究.在分析平行直纹展成电解磨削整体叶轮扭曲叶片的过切误差、得到过切误差计算公式的基础上,提出用圆锥磨轮和组合式五轴联动数控方案来消除过切误差的方法.文中还介绍了数控展成电解磨床的结构与运动、经济型多轴数控系统及其联动控制方法,并建立了电解磨削非平行直纹展成曲面的数学模型,开发了五轴联动数控展成电解磨削自动数控编程系统,对航空发动机整体叶轮的叶片型面进行电解磨削.结果表明,加工效率比手工修磨、抛光提高了12倍以上.     

Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

二化螟群集性的调查研究

通过对二化螟群集性的调查分析,初步查明在不同类型田、水稻的不同生育期、二化螟幼虫的不同龄次,二化螟幼虫的群集性不同.这为科学制订二化螟防治指标提供了理论依据。     

小麦条锈病气象预测方法及遥感监测研究进展

从影响小麦条锈病发生发展的大尺度气候背景、局地气象因子两方面,对小麦条锈病发生发展的气象预测研究进行了综述,指出了常规预测方法存在的问题和难点。概述了高光谱遥感在小麦条锈病监测中的应用,并对遥感与作物模型的结合进行了探讨,在此基础上展望了基于大气环流的小麦条锈病中、长期预测及G IS辅助的遥感技术在小麦条锈病监测方面的应用前景。     

贵州烟区烟蚜发生规律及其预测模型的初步研究

通过2002-2008年对贵州代表性烟区烟蚜的系统调查,初步了解了有翅蚜迁飞规律、烟田蚜虫种群消长动态及其历史演变情况,分析了烟蚜发生期内气温、雨日雨量、相对湿度和日照时数对烟蚜发生量的影响效应。在此基础上,结合以往的调查数据,应用DPS统计软件进行逐步回归分析,初步建立了烟蚜发生程度短期预测模型Y=-24.87+1.27X1+0.13X2+1.54X4+2.70X6+4.06X11-3.85X13(其中,X1=移栽前期10 d内日诱蚜量;X2=上年12月日气温≥10℃的积温;X4=2月均温;X6=3月均温;X11=4月均温,X13=4月雨日数),经显著性检验和预报验证,回归方程达极显著水平,回测准确率平均达93.45%,实报验证误差率仅为1.80%~5.11%,说明入选预报因子比较切合贵州实际,预测模型具有较大的实用价值。     

遗传算法优化神经网络的坡面入渗产流模型

引入遗传算法优化BP神经网络权重和阈值的方法建立黄土坡面产流入渗模型.模型以雨强、降雨历时、表层40 cm土壤前期含水量、坡度值为输入项,径流量、入渗量为输出项,用实测资料对网络进行模拟和预测.模拟结果平均误差6.32%和1.93%,预测结果平均误差为5.71%和1.92%.并与传统BP神经网络模型和定雨强Philip...     

城市土地利用与经济协调发展度评价研究——以天水市为例

针对天水经济快速发展、用地需求增速明显而土地供给约束日益加大的问题,从土地资源利用的规模、结构、效率及经济发展水平方面出发,构建了反应土地利用与经济协调发展程度的综合指标体系,该体系由目标层、准则层、因素层和指标层4个层次及28个具体指标构成。基于均方差决策求解法,对天水市的土地利用与经济协调发展度进行综合评价。结果表明:1996~2008年土地利用与经济发展两系统协调程度不高、质量欠佳,协调度指数总体趋势下降;土地利用与经济发展系统演进模式由经济发展滞后土地利用模式转变为土地利用滞后经济发展模式。     

新疆呼图壁河径流时间序列分析

基于呼图壁河石门水文站1956—2011年的年径流数据,采用Morlet小波分析和R/S分析方法,对新疆呼图壁河流域径流周期、变化特征和未来趋势进行分析和预测。研究结果表明:(1)通过对呼图壁河1956—2011年径流量的分析发现,径流时间序列存在5 a、10 a、18 a和28 a左右的震荡周期,18 a尺度震荡周期最强,其次是28a尺度。18 a时间尺度上的震荡在56 a研究时段内均较强,且存在4个丰水期和5个枯水期;28 a震荡周期在56 a尺度时段内相对较强,存在3个丰水期和3个枯水期,目前处于偏丰期;(2)利用R/S分析呼图壁河径流量序列,Hurst指数为0.6442,存在明显的赫斯特现象,这就意味着未来一段时间的径流量与过去具有同样的增加趋势。