A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.     

Effect of mate selection on fuzzy selective mating criteria in closed dairy multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus programs

In order to control rates of response and inbreeding, mate selection using fuzzy selective mating criteria (FMC) was investigated in adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. Stochastic simulation was used to model the closed nucleus scheme. This mate selection was examined in four alternative mating and male selection schemes: (i) a hierarchical scheme; (ii) a hierarchical sibship scheme (two males per sibship); (iii) a factorial scheme (two sires per dam); and (iv) a factorial sibship scheme (two males per sibship and two sires per dam). Genetic response and inbreeding rate tended to be reduced by increasing the trade-off parameter of FMC between the expected breeding value and inbreeding of progeny. Inbreeding rates in all schemes were reduced by reducing the variance of family size through selection and the average coancestry of mating pairs through mate allocation.     

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验

采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。     

利用性诱剂防治花生田暗黑鳃金龟的研究

为明确暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)性诱剂对成虫的引诱效果及对幼虫虫口密度的降低作用,在全国主要花生产区开展了田间诱捕试验,调查诱捕成虫数、幼虫减退率及对花生的保果效果。结果表明:一台诱捕器一天内诱到的最大成虫数为977头;幼虫减退率最高可达78.8%,保果效果最高可达68.6%。表明暗黑鳃金龟性诱剂对成虫有很强的引诱效果,并能明显减轻幼虫为害。     

棉铃虫性信息素生物合成研究进展

性信息素是昆虫两性通讯的化学信号, 在物种繁衍中担当着重要的角色。以性信息素为基础的害虫诱杀和交配干扰等防治手段具有灵敏度高、选择性强、对天敌安全、不污染环境等优点, 在害虫综合治理和绿色防控体系应用中深受青睐。棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 是一种世界性农业害虫, 具有适应能力强和寄主广泛的特点, 条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾。以棉铃虫为代表的醛类性信息素的生物合成和调控过程, 是目前研究较早也较为透彻的一类性信息素。本研究概述了棉铃虫性信息素的组分和功能, 生物合成时的信号转导途径和调控机制, 以及性信息素前体的生成和特异性组分的碳链修饰过程, 并总结了当前研究的不足, 旨在为今后的基础研究和生产应用提供指导。     

多年迷向防治对桃园梨小食心虫的控制作用评估

为了科学评估多年迷向防治对桃园梨小食心虫的实际防控效果,并完善优化桃园害虫性信息素科学应用技术,在江苏省无锡市惠山区5个乡镇大面积连片桃园内连续4年使用迷向丝防治梨小食心虫,并实时监测调查,分析各年度桃园内梨小食心虫种群消长动态,抽样法调查统计桃树折梢率。结果显示,多年迷向防治可以有效降低桃园梨小食心虫种群发生数量,各乡镇桃园内虫口基数逐年减少;洛社和钱桥2个乡镇2021年迷向防治处理区梨小食心虫平均迷向率在94.37%以上;2021年阳山镇迷向防治区平均折梢率为1.24%。结果表明大面积且连续使用迷向防治法对桃园梨小食心虫具有很好的防控效果。     

朱红毛斑蛾繁殖行为的研究

目的 朱红毛斑蛾是榕属植物上一种重要的食叶害虫,研究其繁殖行为,可为该虫的种群管理提供基础资料。 方法 通过观察,分析朱红毛斑蛾的羽化、求偶、交配和产卵的繁殖行为及节律。 结果 朱红毛斑蛾仅在光期06:00—16:00时羽化,11:00—13:00达到羽化高峰;求偶行为包括爬行、飞行、侦测、触角交流、振翅、暴露生殖器、尝试交配等系列步骤,09:00—18:00均有求偶行为的发生,求偶高峰期为11:00—16:00。交配姿势呈“一”字型或“V”字型,雌雄成虫一生均只交配1次,交配高峰为14:00—16:00,交配时长为16.16 ± 0.26 h。雌虫将卵产于寄主植物的叶柄或叶尖,产卵高峰期为10:00—14:00,单雌平均产卵量为107.3 ± 3.0粒,平均孵化率为88.40% ± 1.60%。 结论 朱红毛斑蛾为日行性的单配制蛾类。