豇豆与锈菌互作中的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及其与抗性的关系

测定了具有不同抗性水平的5个豇豆Vigna sesquipdalis Wight品种在受锈菌Uromyces vignae Barcl侵染前和侵染后的若干阶段中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并分析其与抗性的关系.结果表明,在接种后24h内,免疫和抗病品种的PPO比活性及其变化率均高于感病品种,且前者PPO比活性变化率高峰出现早,后者出现迟.在接种后,各品种的POD比活性及其变化率均上升,但中抗和感病品种的高峰出现早,免疫和高抗品种出现晚.此外,中抗和感病品种的POD比活性及其变化率在接种12h左右出现高峰后立即下降,而高抗品种的则持续上升至24h左右出现高峰,免疫品种的POD比活性也在24h左右出现高峰,但其POD比活性变化率则持续到48h左右达到高峰,且免疫和抗病品种的峰值明显大于感病品种.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的地下水中Fe和Mn的检测

采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术并结合在锌基板上液固转换的样品处理方法,对标准水溶液样品中Fe、Mn进行检测,并根据标准曲线法建立Fe、Mn的定量模型;再利用所建立的LIBS定量模型,对洞庭湖区地下水实际水样中Fe、Mn含量进行检测,并与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS)的检测结果进行比较。结果表明：得到Fe、Mn的LIBS定标曲线的决定系数均大于0.98,相对标准偏差均为4.3%,留一交叉验证均方根误差分别为0.024、0.007 mg/L,Fe、Mn的检出限分别为0.028、0.008 mg/L;采用LIBS对洞庭湖地下水实际水样中Fe、Mn含量检测的结果与ICP–MS的检测结果基本一致,平均相对误差小于10%。     

Changes in peroxidase activity and lignin content of cultured tea cells in response to excess manganese

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to identify the effects of manganese (Mn) on the activity of peroxidase (PO) and the amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) and lignin, as well as the cell viability of suspension-cultured tea cells (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Yabukita). Cells were grown in B5 medium (containing 0.06 mmol L^?1 Mn) and cultured for 24 h in medium with a Mn concentration of 0.9 mmol L^?1 as an excess treatment. No significant difference was observed between cellular growth and the viability of the cultured tea cells after treatment with excess Mn compared with cells grown under control conditions, although the content of Mn in cells in the excess Mn treatment was 12-fold higher than that of the control cells. The amount of total AsA was also not affected by the Mn treatment. The activity of ionically wall-bound peroxidase (IPO) increased in the presence of excess Mn, unlike the content of lignin. Conversely, the activities of soluble PO and covalently wall-bound PO decreased with excess Mn. These findings suggested that IPO might contribute to Mn tolerance in tea cells. However, its role in the mechanism(s) of Mn tolerance has not been elucidated.     

“葫芦克星”对恶性杂草水葫芦的几个生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了“葫芦克星”对水葫芦几个生理指标的影响,探讨“葫芦克星”控制恶性杂草水葫芦的机制。研究结果表明,喷施“葫芦克星”后,水葫芦叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与水葫芦的胁迫反应是相关的。喷药后,水葫芦叶片POD活性一直处于下降趋势且比清水对照POD活性低,而PPO活性和MDA含量则是先上升后下降且比清水对照高。     

Effects of formalin on total haemocytes count and histopathological changes in the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti (Pérez‐Farfante & Kensley 1997)

Formalin is used in shrimp industry to eliminate ectoparasites and as a disinfectant. However, the effect of formalin on shrimp's defense mechanism is unknown. Several biomarkers were used to assess the immune response of juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti exposed to different concentrations of formalin (10, 25 and 50 mg L^?1) during 24 and 48 h. Formalin concentrations of 25 and 50 mg L^?1 produced a significant reduction in the total haemocyte count at both 24 and 48 h. Peroxidase and phenoloxidase activity did not show variations. The total protein concentration in haemolymph of shrimps was not significantly different between experimental groups. Histological analysis showed hyperplasia in the gills of animals exposed at 10 mg L^?1 for 24 h; however, the exposure at 25 and 50 mg L^?1 caused necrosis in gills, hepathopancreas and the antennal gland.     

过氧化物酶催化酪蛋白的交联反应优化与乳化性改

采用辣根过氧化物酶对酪蛋白进行酶促交联,并经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、光谱分析和毛细管电泳验证.利用毛细管电泳、面积归一化方法对交联酪蛋白进行分析并计算交联度;以交联度为指标、应用响应面分析法对交联条件优化,得出适宜的条件为:温度37℃、反应时间2.9 h、酶添加量为每克蛋白质4.73μkat,此条件下酪蛋白交联度达到6.9%.与酪蛋白相比,交联酪蛋白的乳化活性在蛋白质质量分数为0.01%时提高了8.7%,而其乳化稳定性在蛋白质质量分数为0.03%时提高了21.1%.     

乙烯利对甘蔗节间过氧化物酶活性的影响及酶细胞化学

酶细胞化学研究显示：甘蔗茎杆节间薄壁细胞中过氧化物酶主要分布在细胞的液泡膜内表面和液泡液中,线粒体、叶绿体和高尔基体等细胞器膜表面也有过氧化物酶存在,而细胞核、细胞壁和胞间隙中很少或末见过氧化物酶分布。在甘蔗工艺成熟过程中,节间过氧化物酶活性是波动性变化的,不同品种表现不一致,但存在一个基础酶活性。乙烯利处理对过氧化物酶活性有影响,能提高和（或）维持较高水平的过氧化物酶活性,影响酶活性时间在处理后１～３周,因品种不同而差异。３个参试品种中有２个品种（桂１５和新台糖１６号）在乙烯利处理后酶活性表现趋势一致。     

石刁柏性别表现与同工酶的关系

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对石刁柏（ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）雌雄植株不同器官及不同组织的过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行了研究，结果表明，除根部外，尽管鳞片、茎尖、拟叶等器官酶谱有明显差异，但雌雄株间差异有相同的趋势。雄株均比相应的雌株少一条酶带，雌雄植株组织培养获得的愈伤组织和茎尖过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱差异也有类似的规律。说明石刁柏性别差异与过氧化物酶同工酶的数目有关，过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异可以作为性别鉴定的指标。     

杨树树皮内过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性与抗溃疡病的关系

通过对18个杨树品种和无性系田间发病情况调查,排出了对溃疡病的抗性序列,同时,通过在生长季节初期,测定健康杨树树皮内过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,分析了这两种酶的活性与杨树抗溃疡病的关系。结果表明,这两种酶的活性与树种对溃疡病的抗病性呈正相关,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性强,树种的抗病性就强;反之则弱。酶的活性高低可以做为杨树抗溃疡病育种和抗病性测定中的一个“抗性指标”。