甘薯栽培管理知识模型系统的设计思路

本研究以系统工程思想为指导,通过对甘薯栽培研究成果及专家知识归纳总结,应用作物栽培学、生理学、生态学以及计算机科学等多学科的基础理论和方法,对甘薯栽培管理知识模型系统进行了设计,拟以甘薯生育指标、环境因子、技术措施之间的定量化动态关系为主线,建立具有动态预测和决策功能的甘薯栽培管理知识模型.本设计主要包括研究思路与技术路线、资料获取方式、研究方法、开发过程等部分,实现播前栽培方案的设计与动态生育指标的确定等功能,揭示生态环境和农艺栽培措施与甘薯生长发育及产量和品质形成的内在关系和机制,实现区域化和经验性甘薯栽培管理模式的系统化整合和科学化表达,形成模型化的专家系统和决策性的系统模型.     

超声波提取紫薯多糖的工艺优化

[目的]优化紫薯多糖的提取工艺。[方法]利用超声波技术提取紫薯粗多糖,用单因素试验和正交试验设计相结合的方法获得最佳提取工艺。[结果]影响紫薯多糖得率的主要因素按重要性排序为：超声频率〉料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间;紫薯粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶15,提取时间40 min,提取温度60℃,超声频率80 kHz,此条件下紫薯多糖的提取率为3.63%。[结论]利用超声技术提取紫薯多糖可以提高多糖得率、缩短提取时间、采用较低温度提取、节省提取溶剂,降低提取成本。     

Genotypic Variation of Sweetpotatoes Grown Under Low Potassium Stress

Abstract

Ninety‐four sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes were compared under low potassium (K) stress (35 mg kg^?1 dry soil) over two growing seasons. Potassium utilization efficiency ratio (KER), defined as the dry matter weight/K content, was significantly different among genotypes. Genotypes were divisible into four KER categories: high efficient, efficient, fairly efficient and inefficient with most of the genotypes falling in the efficient and fairly efficient groups. The K contents varied significantly within individual plants. Potassium concentration on a dry weight basis was greatest in the petioles followed by leaves, stems, and roots. On a total plant basis, K content in roots was greatest followed by stems, leaves, and petioles. Several genotypes (including 602 × 81‐3, Zhe15‐47 and Xushu18) were selected as most suitable for growth on soils low in available K due to their appreciable yields and higher KER under low K stress.     

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Sweet Potato Meal (Ipomoea batatas L.) Diets

Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers.     

不同生育期甘薯块根淀粉糊化特性的差异

 采用差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）和淀粉粘度速测仪（RVA）分析了3个甘薯品种（系）在块根发育过程中淀粉糊化特性的变化。结果表明，随甘薯生育期的延长，3个品种的淀粉率都呈下降趋势，但直链淀粉率的变化则因品种而异。早期收获，徐薯18和浙大9201的直链淀粉率表现较高，而浙3449则较低。随生育期延长，DSC糊化峰向低温方向移动，且峰宽增大、峰逐渐消失，其糊化温度和热焓变化也随之递减，而RVA的最高粘度则呈现递增趋势。相关分析发现，甘薯直链淀粉含量与各糊化特性参数间存在一定相关性，但这种相关性的大小又受到品种制约。     

紫红薯色素、辣椒红色素和胭脂红色素稳定性的比较

通过对紫红薯色素与胭脂红素和辣椒红素稳定性的详细研究比较，发现紫红薯色素和胭脂红素对光热的稳定性较好，辣椒红素对光热的稳定性则较差。紫红薯色素和胭脂红素与辣椒红素的耐氧化性均较好，而三者的耐还原性都相对较弱。常见的金属离子对胭脂红素影响不明显，Fe3 、Fe2 、A13 、Cu2 对紫红薯色素影响较明显，Fe2 和A13 对辣椒红素也有影响。酸碱对辣椒红素影响较弱，但碱对紫红薯色素和胭脂红素影响较明显。     

重庆市2000年红苕生产发展前景和对策研究

本文在分析重庆市红苕生产现状及存在的主要问题的基础上,对2000年红苕生产发展前景进行了预测,提出了达到预测指标的途径和措施。     

酶-超声波法提取红薯茎叶中绿原酸的工艺研究

以红薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam]茎叶为原料,采用酶-超声波提取绿原酸.对料液比、加酶量、超声功率和超声时间进行了单因素和正交试验.确定绿原酸提取的最佳工艺为料液比1∶20、加酶量1.5％、超声波功率175W、提取时间20 min,在此条件下,绿原酸的提取率为3.45％.     

甘薯叶黄酮微波提取工艺的响应面法优化

用响应面法优化甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)叶黄酮的微波提取工艺,研究了微波功率、微波时间、乙醇体积分数、液固比4个因素对黄酮提取率的影响.并采用Box-Behnken设计对最佳提取工艺进行了优化.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为微波功率200 W、微波时间4 min、乙醇体积分数50％、液固比43∶1(V/m,mL∶g),在此条件下甘薯叶黄酮的提取率为8.082 7％,与预测值8.314 2％基本吻合.