南方鲶肌肉,鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解和游离氨基酸研究

本试验测定了南方鲶肌内和鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量，并对其营养价值进行了比较，评价。     

Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb

In contrast to other mammals, the large variation in dog sizes is not accompanied by any significant genetic re-organization. In order to study the relationship between body mass, limb length and the functional anatomical muscle parameters of the canine hind limb, a large dataset comprising of muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and physiological cross-sectional area's (PCSA) were acquired for twenty-five muscles in ten dogs of sizes varying between 20 kg and 52 kg. The potential of body mass and limb length for reliably scaling individual muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and PCSA's were examined. For the majority of the muscles of the canine hind limb, neither body mass nor limb length were reliable scaling parameter for either muscle masses, PCSA's and optimal fibre length. These results indicate the need of a breed-specific approach to musculoskeletal modelling in future canine musculoskeletal research.     

中草药添加剂对生长肥育猪横纹肌肌纤维特性及肉质的影响

 选用20 kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪80头,随机分成对照组、试验组,测定添加中草药添加剂对横纹肌肌纤维特性和肉质品质的影响。结果表明,试验组的大理石纹评分比对照组提高了23.33%（P＜0.01）、肌间脂肪的含量增加了52.77%（P＜0.01）、嫩度改善了13.53%（P＜0.05）;而失水率、贮存损失分别降低了5.03%（P＜0.05）和20.35%（P＜0.05）.试验猪的肌纤维直径比对照组降低了7.98%(P＜0.05)、而密度增加了4.70%(P＜0.05).结果提示,添加中草药添加剂对肉质的改善的作用与横纹肌肌纤维直径的减少、肌间脂肪含量的增加有关。     

小尾寒羊胚胎不同时期背最长肌的组织学研究

[目的]利用组织生物学方法对不同时期小尾寒羊背最长肌进行研究。[方法]以小尾寒羊为研究对象,利用组织切片技术从微观层面研究胚胎期不同阶段肌纤维生长发育的变化情况。[结果]肌纤维的密度随着时间的增长呈现下降的趋势,而肌纤维直径随着密度的降低而增加。胚胎前期胎儿增重不明显,而胚胎后期及出生后体重迅速增加,差异显著。[结论]该研究可为开展优质肉羊杂交育种工作积累基础性数据。     

三峡水库小江流域常见鱼类肌肉碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

为探究三峡水库小江流域常见草食性、浮游生物食性、肉食性和杂食性鱼类肌肉的碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）生态化学计量特征,2018年1月（枯水期）和7月（丰水期）在小江流域7个设定断面,采集4种食性的鱼类样品,测定其生长特性指标,分析鱼类肌肉C、N、P生态化学计量特征及相关性。结果表明,鱼类肌肉C、N、P元素含量为34.75%~58.71%、 7.00%~15.45%、0.89%~8.21%,C:N、C:P和N:P为3.62~9.75、16.92~136.95、2.14~35.31,其中磷元素含量变化最大且是导致N:P变化的主要原因。小江流域不同食性鱼类肌肉元素组成差异不明显,其中仅草食性鱼类、浮游生物食性鱼类 的N含量和N:P显著大于肉食性鱼类和杂食性鱼类（P<0.05）,其他元素及比例在各食性鱼类之间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;不同采样断面的鱼类肌肉元素含量及比例无显著性差异（P<0.05）;相关性分析发现,小江流域鱼类肌肉N和 P含量呈负相关关系（P<0.05）,除草食性外,各食性鱼类的N含量均与水体NO-3-N含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果对深入了解大坝干扰下水生态系统食物网营养关系及营养循环格局具有重要意义。     

“红肉病”文蛤的组织病理学

利用组织学和组织化学方法,在光镜水平下研究了患“红肉病”文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)的组织病理学变化特征。结果显示,患病文蛤的病理学变化主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮膨大、脱落,鳃、外套膜、消化盲囊等组织发现异常结构及寄生物,如嗜碱性的包涵体、嗜酸性颗粒及寄生性原生动物等。另外,组织化学研究结果显示,病蛤在糖含量、磷酸酶活性等方面也有明显变化,表现为消化盲囊、肠等部位吸收细胞内糖含量增加。消化盲囊、消化管各处酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性减弱,碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP)增强。鳃组织ACP活性增强,AKP活性减弱等。     

Comparative study of the characteristics of the carcass and the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian pig, reared indoors

The Chato Murciano pig is a breed catalogued as a Special Protection breed in danger of extinction. At present it is commonly reared in an intensive system. We have studied the mineral composition and other characteristics of its carcass and meat. Samples from the Musculus longissimus lumborum were taken from a total number of 43 animals, divided into two groups, Chato Murciano and Chato Murciano crossed with Iberian, reared in a conventional indoor system. The resulting meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian was especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and marginally poor in calcium and sodium. The evolution of the pH of the carcass was that of pigs which do not produce PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat. Some relevant positive correlation coefficients between minerals (P ≤ 0.05) have been found.     

Whole Genome Methylation Variation Analysis of Longissimus Dorsi Between Tan Sheep and Hu Sheep

It aimed to identify the differential methylation region (DMR) and differential methylation gene (DMG) through the analysis of the genome-wide methylation difference of the longest muscle of the sheep's back of different breeds of sheep,and laid the foundation for the analysis of the differences in sheep skeletal muscle development.In this study,one-year-old sheep(Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2) were sanned by the whole genome bisulfite sequencing method(WGBS).The degree of methylation and differentially methylated region in the whole genome DNA of longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle were studied to explore the difference of DNA methylation in level in sheep.The results showed that the methylation (mC) rates of cytosine (C) were 3.55%,3.18% and 3.56% in Tan sheep,Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2,respectively.A total of 97 731 DMRs and 10 784 related DMGs were detected.In CG,CHH and CHG sequences,the methylation levels of the three groups were not significantly different.419 GO terms and 20 related signal pathways were detected by GO and KEGG analysis,respectively,which were showed to be significantly enriched in cellular process,cell part,binding,long-term depression,and so on.Five candidate genes,ACTA2、ROCK1、CALD1、MYH3 and MYH10 were sreened out in muscle tissues.This study provided genome-wide methylation of pattern of three groups (Tan sheep and Hu sheep and Tan-Hu F2).The results provided reference information for the epigenetic study of Tan sheep and screened candidate genes related to muscle development and meat quality.     

Detection of Leishmania spp. and associated inflammation in ocular‐associated smooth and striated muscles in dogs with patent leishmaniosis

Objective Canine leishmaniosis is a disease characterized by the wide distribution of the parasite throughout the tissues of the host. The purpose of this study was to describe the presence of Leishmania spp. and associated inflammation in ocular‐associated muscles of dogs with patent leishmaniosis. Procedures Smooth muscles (iris dilator muscle, iris sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle, Müller muscle, smooth muscle of the periorbita and smooth muscle of the nictitating membrane) and striated muscles (orbicularis oculi muscle, obliquus dorsalis muscle and dorsal rectus muscle) were evaluated. Routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry to detect Leishmania spp. were performed on tissue sections. Results Granulomatous inflammation was seen surrounding muscular fibers and was composed mainly of macrophages with scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells. This infiltrate could be seen in 52/473 (10.99%) samples of smooth muscle and 36/142 (25.35%) samples of striated muscle. Parasites were detected in 43/473 (9.09%) samples of smooth muscle and in 28/142 (19.71%) samples of striated muscle. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report assessing the presence of Leishmania spp. and associated infiltrate in intraocular, extraocular and adnexal smooth and striated muscles. The inflammation present in those muscles could contribute to clinical signs already described, such as blepharitis, uveitis, and orbital cellulitis.