丁香的文化意蕴及其在园林绿化中的应用

丁香是我国的传统名花名树,具有株形优美、花繁叶茂的观赏特性和抗性好、适应性强的优良生态习性。本文归纳了我国常用丁香品种的植物学特性、生态习性和园林用途,阐述了丁香的文化底蕴,分析了作为园林绿化树种的优势,提出了在园林绿化中的主要配置方式。     

紫丁香扦插育苗技术试验研究

本文论述了如何运用ABT等科技手段处理紫丁香以提高它的扦插成活率问题。     

赤霉素诱导紫丁香提早开花试验初报

【目的】用赤霉素（GA）诱导紫丁香提前开花和延长其花期,为丁香的花期调控提供理论依据。【方法】用50、300、1000 mg/L 3个GA处理涂抹露地栽培和设施栽培两种环境下的紫丁香顶位芽,调查GA对紫丁香花芽鳞片脱落期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期的调控效果。【结果】用GA涂抹紫丁香顶位芽,可使设施栽培紫丁香提前2-3 d进入鳞片脱落期,对露地栽培紫丁香开花影响不明显;与露地栽培相比,设施栽培紫丁香从现蕾期到初花期的时间明显缩短,300 和1000 mg/L处理可使紫丁香花期提前4 d。【结论】GA能有效促进设施栽培紫丁香提前开花,但对延长紫丁香花期的作用不明显。     

四种从刺五加中提取紫丁香苷方法的对比研究

为了优选刺五加中紫丁香苷的最佳提取工艺,分别采用水、乙醇、甲醇回流法及机械化学辅助提取法四种提取方式提取刺五加中的紫丁香苷,以紫丁香苷含量和干浸膏回收率为指标,以HPLC法为检测方法,对刺五加提取工艺进行了对比研究。结果表明机械化学辅助提取法为刺五加紫丁香苷的最佳提取工艺,该工艺对有效部位进行分类分次提取,在提取其他有效成分的同时也实现了紫丁香苷的有效分离,从而减少其他成分的干扰,为从刺五加中获得纯度较高并且稳定的紫丁香苷提供了新方法。     

盐胁迫对杨树和紫丁香叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

【目的】研究NaCl不同浓度胁迫处理对杨树和紫丁香叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。【方法】采用0(对照),200,400,600,800mmol/L NaCl溶液处理杨树和紫丁香叶片,研究两者在盐胁迫条件下叶绿素荧光参数的变化。【结果】随着NaCl处理浓度的增大,杨树和紫丁香叶片的PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光化学量子效率(Fv′/Fm′)、非循环光合电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ)以及光化学猝灭系数(qp)均呈下降趋势。比较而言,杨树Fv/Fm下降并不显著,且在非胁迫环境或较低盐胁迫条件下,杨树叶片的Fv′/Fm′、ETR、ΦPSⅡ以及qp值高于紫丁香叶片,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)值低于紫丁香叶片。【结论】在非胁迫环境或较低盐胁迫条件下,杨树叶片光合作用的光化学性能优于紫丁香叶片。     

丁香的无性繁殖技术

本文研究了几种丁香的扦插和嫁接繁殖技术 试验结果表明 :( 1)白丁香的扦插成活率以 50mg/LABT生根粉处理 4h效果较好 ,华北紫丁香的扦插成活率要比白丁香高 ( 2 )华北紫丁香和北京丁香均可作为嫁接欧丁香的砧木 ( 3)供试品种间在成活率上存在显著差异 ,而在高生长量上差异不显著     

饰棍蓟马的生物学及防治研究

饰棍蓟马[Dendrothrips Drnatus(Jablonowsky)]是丁香的重要害虫之一,在北京地区一年发生7～9代,以雌成虫在树下表土、枯枝落叶及老树皮缝隙中越冬。次年3月下旬至4月初出蛰的越冬成虫集中在树基部及内膛部分的芽苞上取食,展叶后则在叶片上为害。若虫在叶片的下面、成虫在叶片的上下两面都可取食为害,严重影响植株的生长发育及观赏价值。温暖和比较干燥的环境对其发生为害有利,高温多雨有抑制作用。在越冬成虫出蛰期用10%西维因粉剂、40%氧化乐果乳油和5%氯氰菊酯乳油防治,效果均很好。冬季结合园林清洁扫除枯枝落叶,早春灌水、翻土,可消灭大量越冬成虫。加强水肥管理可提高植株的抗害能力。     

Molecular evidence in support of recent migration of a powdery mildew fungus on Syringa spp. into Europe from East Asia

A preliminary analysis demonstrated that the powdery mildew fungus infecting Syringa spp. (lilacs) in different parts of the world is divided into two groups (S-type and K-type) based on the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS regions. In spite of the marked genetic differences (only c . 94% similarity between ITS types), fungi belonging to these two ITS groups are difficult to distinguish based on morphological characteristics. To determine their geographical distribution, ITS haplotypes were determined for a total of 139 powdery mildew specimens collected in Asia, Europe and North and South America between 1977 and 2005. Curiously, until 1990, only the S-type was found in Europe, whilst the K-type prevailed in East Asia. The first European specimen belonging to the K-type was collected in Ukraine in 1991. Other European K-type samples were collected in Lithuania and Switzerland in 2000, and in other countries after 2002. The incidence of the S-type decreased rapidly in Europe after the 1990s. This result strongly suggests that the K-type was introduced to Europe from East Asia in the 1990s and expanded from Eastern Europe westward, replacing the S-type present on the European lilacs. The K-type produces abundant chasmothecia (sexual fruiting bodies), whereas chasmothecia on the S-type are rare in Europe and East Asia. It is likely that the recent abundant production of chasmothecia on Syringa spp. in Central Europe is explained by the migration of the K-type to Europe.     

Identification of a novel emaravirus infecting lilac through next-generation sequencing

Emaraviruses are multipartite negative-sense single-stranded viruses that usually infect flowering plants. Using unbiased next-generation sequencing(NGS) approach, a novel virus from lilac leaves with yellow mottle symptom was identified. Five viral genomic RNA segments were detected and completely sequenced. The molecular characteristics of the viral RNAs and proteins resemble those of members of the genus Emaravirus. The virus was found to be mechanically transmissible to Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of the virus support the proposal of creating a new species in the genus Emaravirus for which the name lilac chlorotic ringspot-associated virus(LiCRaV) is proposed.     

哈尔滨市花—丁香的研究

通过了解丁香的习性及栽培管理,总结了丁香在国内外的研究现状及发展趋势,同时也阐明了丁香花在哈尔滨市的绿化、美化、改善城市环境方面起到作用。