4种植物油热氧化同步荧光光谱分析

以亚麻籽油、大豆油、菜籽油与葵花籽油为原料,在不同温度条件下氧化并测定其不同时间的同步荧光光谱,分析同步荧光光谱及荧光物质变化情况。结果表明,4种植物油不同温度下的同步荧光光谱峰变化主要集中在300~415 nm内,且随着加热时间的延长存在波动现象;在50℃和150℃加热氧化条件下,300,330,375,415 nm这4个峰都存在明显的波动现象;二维相关分析表明,这4个峰的荧光强度变化速率不同,不同油变化差异较大;同种油在不同温度下,4个峰的波动情况、相互关系、变化速率均有明显差异。这些峰的变化与油脂氧化过程中荧光物质和油脂氧化程度的变化有关,可以利用同步荧光光谱的变化特性作为监控油脂氧化的依据。     

复合微生物肥料在无公害蔬菜栽培上的效应初报

施用复合微生物肥料使番茄产量提高 7.3 %～ 11.1% ,可溶性固形物含量提高 0 .9%～ 1.3 % ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 7.2 %～ 3 4 .8% ;苦瓜产量提高 10 .7%～ 16.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 2 8.7%～ 3 6.1% ;菜薹产量提高 7.2 %～ 15.1% ,硝酸盐含量降低 55.6%～ 61.5%。各处理产品中的硝酸盐含量及有害元素的含量 ,均符合无公害蔬菜产品质量标准要求     

Evidence that a Leaf-Disk Test Allows Assessment of Isolate-Specific Resistance in Brassica oleracea Crops Against Downy Mildew (Peronospora parasitica)

A rapid resistance/susceptibility test for Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) was established by inoculating leaf-disks of four Brassica oleracea accessions. Several conditions were tested: disk disinfection or not, agar medium with or without nutrients and with 50 or 100 ppm of benzimidazole. Using disinfected disks placed on agar (no nutrient and benzimidazole at 50 or 100 ppm), the responses of leaf-disks to four isolates were similar to those obtained using the classical cotyledon test, whereas undesired contaminations occurred in all other conditions. The possible effect of the particular leaf used for obtaining the disks was also studied. In each incompatible interaction tested, disks were resistant whatever the leaf used. In compatible interactions, susceptible phenotypes were observed on disks derived from the six lowest leaves, but disks from upper leaves were resistant. The genetic basis of resistance in a F1 hybrid broccoli was assessed, by testing six isolates on an F2 population derived from this hybrid. The cotyledon test only allows inoculation of two isolates per seedling, whereas many isolates can be tested on each plant by using leaf-disks. The segregation of the resistance to each of the six isolates was analysed: two dominant genes (tightly linked) control resistance to all isolates (one to five isolates; the other to only one isolate).     

瓜类蔬菜光合特性研究进展

综述了瓜类蔬菜光合特性的研究进展，总结了光照、温度、CO2浓度、水分、矿质营养、叶龄、叶住及嫁接等因素对光合作用的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

Evaluation of vegetable protein in canine diets: Assessment of performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility using a broiler model

Recent technological advances in the human food industry with respect to meat processing have decreased the availability of animal proteins to the pet food industry which typically formulates diets with an excess of animal protein. In the long term, this is not sustainable; thus, alternative protein sources need to be investigated. This study examined three canine diets, comparing a typical animal protein‐based diet (control) with two experimental diets where the animal protein was substituted in part with vegetable protein (formulated based either on total protein or amino acid content) using a broiler model. Each diet was fed to six cages each containing two birds from day 15, 18 cages in total (36 birds). Excreta were collected from days 19 to 21. On day 23, birds were euthanized and weighed, and their ileal digesta were collected and pooled for each cage. In addition, one leg per cage was collected for evaluation of muscle mass. Results showed no significant difference in animal performance (feed intake or live weight gain) or muscle to leg proportion across the diets. Birds fed the control diet and the diet balanced for amino acid content exhibited the greatest coefficients of apparent metabolizability for nitrogen (p < .001). Birds fed the diets that contained partial replacement of animal with vegetable protein generally had greater ileal digestibility of amino acids compared to birds fed the control (animal protein) diet. Analysis of excreta showed no dietary difference in terms of dry matter content; however, birds fed the diet balanced for total protein and the diet balanced for amino acid content had significantly greater excreta nitrogen than the control (p = .038). Overall, the study suggests vegetable proteins when formulated based on amino acid content are a viable alternative to animal proteins in canine diets.     

菘油2号选育及油蔬两用价值初探

药用植物菘蓝的特定染色体附加到甘蓝型油菜所产生的附加系表现一定的抗病毒活性,但尚无营养成分、菜薹和菜籽产量、综合效益方面的研究。本研究以抗病毒油菜菘油1号为父本,细胞核雄性不育系川A-3为母本选育出菘油2号,并对其进行油蔬两用产量、农艺性状、菜薹营养、种子品质、综合效益等方面的研究。结果表明,具有菘蓝染色体特异标记的植株占48.56%,其菜薹营养丰富,维生素C和锌含量明显高于西兰花1-1-5、白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,氨基酸、蛋白质含量明显高于白花菜rB-112、红菜薹Q10005、初冬牛心甘蓝和萝卜CP4,与西兰花1-1-5相当。从播种到始摘薹的天数平均为117 d,菜薹产量为16 908.8 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产75.1%。与单纯收籽栽培相比,摘薹后末花期延迟6～10 d,株高、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量,含油量都显著降低,其末花期理论生物量平均124.3 t/hm²,收获油菜籽1127.3 kg/hm²,较摘薹对照增产16.4%,较单纯收油菜籽栽培减产42...     

应用性诱剂监测高山蔬菜小菜蛾的发生动态

应用性诱剂对湖北高山蔬菜小菜蛾的发生动态进行了监测。结果表明．2002年小菜蛾在第一茬甘蓝上有两个发生高峰．诱蛾量分别为11．7&#177;2．4头&#183;盆^-1和9．2&#177;1．0头&#183;盆^-1,在第二茬甘蓝上有3个发生高峰,诱蛾量分别为70．9&#177;8．1头&#183;盆^-1、16．1&#177;2．7头&#183;盆^-1和11．1&#177;1．9头&#183;盆^-1：2003年小菜蛾在第一茬甘蓝上有3个发生小高峰,诱蛾量分别为4．7&#177;1．7头&#183;盆^-1,6．2&#177;1．9头&#183;盆^-1和6．3&#177;2．0头&#183;盆^-1,在第二茬甘蓝上有3个发生高峰,诱蛾量分别为62．5&#177;27．4头&#183;盆^-1．88．7&#177;25．1头&#183;盆^-1和12．6&#177;3．4头&#183;盆^-1。性诱剂与频振式杀虫灯相比,性诱剂监测小菜蛾更为灵敏,诱捕效果更好。     

锌冶炼厂周围农作物和蔬菜的汞污染及健康风险评价

采用对应采样方法研究了葫芦岛锌冶炼厂周围地区3种农作物、20多种蔬菜及其根部土壤的含汞量。结果表明,蔬菜可食用部分受到汞的严重污染,汞含量范围为0．001—0．147mg·kg^-1（干重）;37．1％的叶菜类蔬菜、9％的瓜类蔬菜和4％的豆类蔬菜超过国家食品污染物限量标准;玉米、大豆、高粱中汞污染明显,3者的种子中汞平均含量分别为0．008、006、0．057mg·kg^-1;作物和蔬菜植株中汞含量顺序为叶〉根〉茎〉果实。相关性分析表明,植株根部的汞主要来自于土壤,而叶中的汞则可能来源于大气。通过消费蔬菜．成人汞的平均摄入量为0．015μg·kg^-1·d^-1,最高摄入量为0．051μg·kg^-1·d^-1,儿童汞的平均摄入量为0．020μg·kg^-1·d^-1,最高摄入量为0．069μg·kg^-1·d^-1,仅通过这一途径摄入的总汞平均值就分别占PTWI的2．1％、2．8％,最高值占7．1％、9．7％。     

设施有机生态型绿色蔬菜无土栽培生产技术

介绍了在设施条件下生产绿色蔬菜的有机生态型无土栽培技术。     

果蔬盆景的发展及产业化初探

果蔬盆景作为新兴产业发展迅速,本文阐述了果蔬盆景的发展现状、特点,分析了果蔬盆景产业化发展的优势,并根据我省发展状况提出了建议。