论电子阅览室的知识导航与信息服务

本文立足于知识导航与信息服务，对网络环境下电子阅览室的服务内容、服务保障、目前面临的现状进行了论述，并提出了服务对策。     

松毛虫CPV、B.t.林间防治第一代马尾松毛虫试验初报

用松毛虫CPV和B.t.进行喷雾防治马尾松毛虫试验，试验表阴：药后18d两种生物药剂的防治效果均在70%以上，B.t.达86．98％，CPV与B.t.的混合使用防效达85．04％。     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良春恢350稻瘟病抗性

水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pigm(t)抗谱广、抗性强。春恢350是超级早稻春光1号的恢复系,该恢复系配合力强,丰产性好,但不抗稻瘟病。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pigm的谷梅4号为抗源,以春恢350为轮回受体亲本,在回交选育过程中,通过表形筛选与分子标记辅助选择相结合,将Pigm(t)基因导入到春恢350中,获得3个带有目标基因的改良恢复系纯合株系。以江西近年来具有代表性的20个菌株对这3份材料进行抗性鉴定,其抗性频率为85%~100%,而原始对照春恢350的抗性频率仅为5%,表明抗性基因已成功导入春恢350中并表达;并用不育系江农早4号A与改良的春恢350测配,其杂种一代田间表现优势强,抗性强。     

先进安全车(ASV)技术的现状与发展

先进安全车(ASV,AdvancedSafetyVehicle)是为21世纪开发使用的一种高度智能化的安全车,其主要利用电子技术进一步提高汽车的安全性能。因而,汽车安全性的研究与开发已成为汽车行业发展的主要方向。为此,介绍了先进安全车(ASV)技术的现状,并讨论了这项技术的发展趋势。     

印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸测定

本文分析了印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸各成分的含量,结果显示沙棘种子含油量为17.61%,籽油富含油酸(23.012%)和亚油酸(30.162%).     

江苏省褐飞虱迁入量的中长期预测模型

根据1983-2010年江苏省褐飞虱灯诱资料及1982-2010年全球海温场资料和美国国家环境预测中心（NCEP）气象再分析资料,对江苏稻区代表站高邮、通州和宜兴的褐飞虱迁入量与前一年1月-当年6月太平洋海温场、前一年12月-当年6月中南半岛近地表气温场和前一年7月-当年6月北半球大气环流特征量的相关关系进行分析,并运用逐步回归方法建立一系列褐飞虱年总迁入量的预测预报方程。结果表明：（1）高邮、通州和宜兴3站的褐飞虱迁入量在不同时空阈限内与太平洋海温场、中南半岛气温场和北半球大气环流特征量之间存在不同程度的相关性。3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年海温场呈负相关,其中与通州和宜兴站褐飞虱迁入量对数值相关显著的海温区主要分布在北、中太平洋,高邮站则在南太平洋;高邮站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值与前一年12月和当年4月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关,通州站与前一年12月和当年2、3月中南半岛北部的近地表气温场呈负相关,宜兴站与当年1、3月中南半岛西南部的近地表气温场呈正相关、与当年4月中南半岛大部的近地表气温场呈负相关;3站褐飞虱迁入量的对数值主要与前一年7月-当年6月的各副高指数、各极涡指数、大西洋欧洲环流型、亚洲纬向环流指数、东亚槽强度、冷空气强度、西太平洋编号台风强度、南方涛动指数等相关显著。（2）从上述海温场、气温场和环流特征量中筛选出显著相关（P<0.05）的因子作为预测因子,建立褐飞虱年迁入量的预测模型,并筛选出回检正确率70%以上、预检正确率66.7%以上模型17个,适用性评估表明,各模型的预报结果与实测值基本吻合,表明模型可应用于单站褐飞虱年迁入量的预测。     

吡蚜酮防治褐飞虱的使用技术及对天敌的安全性研究

通过室内生物测定、盆栽和田间试验,研究了新型杀虫剂吡蚜酮对水稻褐飞虱的作用方式、不同龄期毒力、田间使用技术及防治效果,并初步探讨了吡蚜酮对天敌黑肩绿盲蝽和蜘蛛(机敏漏斗蛛)的毒力及其田间数量的影响。结果表明:吡蚜酮对褐飞虱不仅具有触杀作用,还具有较强的内吸作用。吡蚜酮对褐飞虱1龄、3龄若虫的168hLC50值分别为14.99mg·L-1、13.08mg·L-1,显著低于5龄若虫和成虫。盆栽试验发现当盆钵中保持水层时,吡蚜酮的防治效果更高。在褐飞虱低龄期、田间保持水层条件下,应用25%吡蚜酮WP制剂300g·hm-2、450g·hm-2和600g·hm-2,药后15d的防治效果可达95%以上。进一步的研究发现,吡蚜酮对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的安全性级别为较不安全(Ⅲ级),田间使用吡蚜酮后黑肩绿盲蝽数量减少;吡蚜酮对蜘蛛安全性级别为安全(Ⅰ级),田间使用吡蚜酮后蜘蛛数量无明显变化。研究结果为吡蚜酮的合理使用提供了科学依据。     

Einfluss selektiver mechanischer Fruchtbehangsregulierung auf Ethylensynthese als Stressindikator sowie Ertrag und Fruchtqualität bei Kernobst

The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C₂H₄/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.     

攀杂丝瓜1号新品种选育

攀杂丝瓜1号是以从重庆九龙坡丝瓜中选育的S8-6自交系为母本,以选自上海香丝瓜的自交系S4—3为父本。培育的早熟、丰产杂一代新品种,该品种植株生长势、分枝性强,坐果率高,果实长圆柱形,匀称,皮色深绿,表皮皱,瓜纵径26．5cm,横径5．5cm,单瓜质量285．8g,商品性好,味清甜,品质优,667m^2产量2918．5kg。     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.