浅析脆蜜金柑的优质丰产措施

脆蜜金柑是近几年选育而成的金柑新品种,色泽金黄,口感皮软、脆甜、化渣、汁液多。在柳州市柳江区进行了栽培技术的研究与推广,现将园区选择、园地整理、水肥土管理、整形修剪、病虫草害防治、果实采收等关键技术进行介绍,以推动脆蜜金柑产业的持续、快速、高效发展。     

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’

早熟金柑新品种‘金秋早’是从福建省尤溪县‘尤溪金柑’园中优良实生单株选育而成。生长健壮。果实近球形,果皮橙黄至橙红色,单果质量17~26 g,皮肉脆嫩化渣,酸甜可口,风味浓。果汁可溶性固形物含量13%,总酸0.8%,总糖9%,维生素C 394 mg·L~(-1)。每果种子数5~7个。成熟期在11月上旬,比‘尤溪金柑’早15~20 d。适宜在福建省尤溪金柑适栽区种植。     

NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND SPECIATION OF KUMQUAT (FORTUNELLA SPP.) BASED ON CHLOROPLAST SNP,NUCLEAR SSR AND WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING

● Fortunella genus consists of two populations: cultivated kumquat and wild Hong Kong kumquat. ● Artificial selection might involve in the origin of cultivated Fortunella species. ● A hypothesis for the differentiation and speciation of Fortunella species is proposed. Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) is a fruit and ornamental crop worldwide due to the palatable taste and high ornamental value of its fruit. Although Fortunella is classified into the economically important true citrus fruit tree group together with Citrus and Poncirus, few studies have been focused on its evolutionary scenario. In this study, analysis of five chloroplast loci and 47 nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) loci from 38 kumquat and 10 citrus accessions revealed the independent phylogeny of Fortunella among citrus taxa, and that Fortunella mainly comprises two populations: CUL, cultivated Fortunella spp. (F. margarita, F. crassifolia and F. japonica); and HK, wild Hong Kong kumquat (Fortunella hindsii). Genomic analysis based on whole-genome SNPs indicated that the allele frequency of both pupations deviated from the neutral selection model, suggesting directional selection was a force driving their evolutions. CUL exhibited lower genomic diversity and higher linkage strength than HK, suggesting artificial selection involved in its origin. A high level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.364) was detected and obviously asynchronous demographic changes were observed between CUL and HK. Based on these results, a new hypothesis for the speciation of Fortunella is proposed.     

融安金柑黄化落果的原因调查研究

对融安金柑发生黄化落果的原因进行调查分析。结果表明,高温干旱、缺硼、缺镁是导致融安金柑黄化落果的主要原因。     

滑皮金柑和融安金柑外观、风味及营养成分比较

滑皮金柑是融安金柑的实生变异品种,为探明其品质特性,本研究以融安金柑为对照,比较二者果实外观、风味和营养成分的差异。结果表明,滑皮金柑单果质量、纵横径、果皮油胞数和色泽CCI值均显著低于融安金柑。滑皮金柑果实剪切力较低,其他质构指标均显著高于对照。糖酸含量分析表明:滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及总糖含量均显著高于融安金柑;滑皮金柑果皮中柠檬酸和苹果酸含量显著低于对照,而乙酸、马来酸和富马酸含量则显著高于对照;在果肉中,滑皮金柑的柠檬酸和丁二酸含量显著低于对照,而酒石酸、草酸、乙酸、马来酸、富马酸含量均显著高于对照。此外,滑皮金柑果皮和果肉中V_C含量相对较低,但总多酚和总黄酮含量显著高于对照。同时滑皮金柑中积累了更多香豆酸和阿魏酸,总酚酸含量也高于对照。     

脆蜜金柑、融安金柑及滑皮金柑果实品质对比分析

[目的]比较金柑新品种脆蜜金柑与传统金柑品种融安金柑、滑皮金柑果实品质差异,为提高广西金柑产业竞争力提供参考依据.[方法]比较分析脆蜜金柑、滑皮金柑和融安金柑3个金柑品种果实的单果重、纵横径、果皮厚度及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等21项指标.[结果]脆蜜金柑单果重、纵横径及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等9项指标均优于融安金柑和滑皮金柑.其中,脆蜜金柑的单果重分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑重7.9%和13.7%,可溶性固形物含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高42.38%和19.14%,总糖含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高53.98%和3.00%.[结论]脆蜜金柑是一个品质优良、极具推广潜力的金柑新品种.     

用主成分分析法选择金柑果实品质的评价因素

用主成分分析法分析了28份金柑果实样品品质构成的10个指标因子。结果表明,前6个主成分反映了果实品质94.02%的信息,根据6个主成分对10个品质因子的特征向量进行系统聚类分析,得到6个指标类别,在此基础上依主成分特征向量（权重系数）大小选择可溶性固形物、单果重、种子数、着色度、维生素C、可滴定酸共6个指标为金柑果实品质的评价因素。     

金柑的研究现状及其开发前景

综述了国内外金柑开发利用的研究进展,旨在为金柑的综合利用提供参考依据。     

金桔黑星(黑点)病防治试验

探索防治金桔黑星(黑点)病的有效方法,通过田间农药防效试验,探讨施药路线;再以防为主,大面积综合防治示范。结果表明：通过药品筛选、综合防治,相对防治效果为81.16 %,为进一步防治金桔黑星(黑点)病奠定了基础,为桂林市金桔生产高产优质、持续发展提供科技支撑。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取金柑籽中柠檬苦素工艺条件的研究

优化超临界CO2萃取柠檬苦素的工艺条件,为金柑籽中柠檬苦素的开发提供理化依据。采用单因素试验研究夹带剂、夹带剂浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力和二氧化碳流量对柠檬苦素提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法建立了二次多项式数学模型,并分析模型的有效性与各因素间的交互作用。在萃取压力为33 MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为2.5 h的条件下,柠檬苦素提取率达3.98 g/kg。在最佳条件下得到实验结果与模型预测值吻合,说明所建立的模型是切实可行的。超临界CO2萃取技术的运用,有利于柠檬苦素提取的工业化推广和应用。