“果畜结合”生态果园调查报告

果畜结合是改善洛川县果园土壤有机质含量低、土壤肥力不足,提高苹果产量和质量有效途径。     

不同寄主植物叶片对棉铃虫的生物学和营养效应比较

在用棉花、大豆、花生功能叶饲养棉铃虫幼虫的基础上,测定各寄主功能叶的营养成分、木质素和纤维素含量,研究棉铃虫在取食不同寄主叶片后的生物学和营养效应。结果表明：1、取食棉花叶的生物学效应较好,取食花生叶的幼虫成活率下降,取食大豆叶的幼虫体重偏轻;2、取食棉花叶的营养效应较好,大豆叶最次;3、棉铃虫幼虫的食物转化率和食物利用率以棉花叶最高,棉铃虫嗜食棉花叶,在3种作物田同时存在的情况下,棉田被害最重。     

“黄金梨”叶片及果实中主要矿质元素量变化及相关关系

以“黄金梨”和“鸭梨”为试材,分析了叶片和果实中主要矿质元素含量年变化及其二者间的相关关系.结果表明:叶片内氮、磷、钾含量随叶龄增长而降低,钙含量随叶龄增长而升高,镁则前期增加,后期减少;果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量随果实膨大而呈递减趋势.“黄金梨”叶片和果实中氮磷钾含量高于“鸭梨”.“黄金梨”叶片中氮磷含量和果实中氮磷含量呈显著正相关,镁则呈负相关.     

无核葡萄干护色保绿技术试验

采用不同试剂处理在不同程度上能够缩短葡萄制干期 ,提高绿级品率 ;促干剂处理仍是目前效果较好的处理方式 ;利用太阳能集热式干燥荫棚 ,在葡萄成熟较晚 ,制干期气温降低较快的地区 ,可大大缩短制干周期 ,提高产品绿级品率。     

Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.     

基于烟叶致香成分建立烤烟香型分类模型方法研究

为筛选出基于烟叶致香成分数据建立烤烟香型分类的最优模型,以便于较好地对烤烟的香型进行正确分类。首先对142 个烤烟烟叶样品中的45 个指标采用行业标准进行检测,然后采用逐步回归法筛选出14 个烟叶致香成分,依据这14 个指标采用判别分析法、Logistic 回归、高斯混合模型、分类树、K最邻近法、人工神经网络和支持向量机7种方法进行建模。通过对不同方法建立的模型采用100次随机抽取训练集样本和测试样本计算错误分类率,选择错误分类率较低的模型作为优选模型。结果表明,线性判别法和高斯混和模型建立的2 种香型函数能较好地对未知样品的香型进行正确分类,且效果较好（正确率可达90%以上）。研究筛选出的2种优选模型对于烤烟香型分类研究具有一定的应用价值。     

Macro and trace elements of 26 browse species growing in semi-arid grazing lands of Eastern Cape,South Africa

ABSTRACT

Leaves and twigs from woody plants provide essential nutrients to range animals. We examined variation in the mineral status of 26 woody species, and the influence of harvesting height as well as the interactions of the main effects on minerals levels. Leaves were harvested from five individual plants per species at two height levels: low (<1 m) and upper (>1.5 m). For trees, all mineral levels showed variation (p < 0.05) between species. For shrubs and intermediate growth forms (between shrubs and trees), mineral levels except potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) were influenced (p < 0.05) by height × species interactions. Most browse species had calcium (Ca) contents (8.5–50 g kg^-1) above the required levels, with the majority of the species having Ca beyond the maximum tolerable limit. Most browse plants had sufficient K, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, iron and Zn concentrations to meet the requirements for ruminants. Copper was deficient in many browse leaves, thus supplementation should be considered in winter. We conclude that such knowledge is essential for sustainable use of browses as mineral supplements, especially during critical periods when climatic conditions limit the feed value of grasses.     

核桃叶提取物对蚜虫的触杀作用

核桃叶提取物对蚜虫具有较强的触杀作用,提取物对蚜虫的击倒作用随浓度增大而增加;处理浓度越高,对蚜虫的击倒中时越短.     

番茄SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及每序花数性状的QTL定位

以每序花数性状差异显著的栽培番茄与野生醋栗番茄杂交产生的F2为作图群体，应用SSR标记构建了番茄的遗传连锁图谱。图谱共包含120个标记,总长度为879．1cM，标记平均间距7．33cM。利用区间作图法在第2和第5染色体上检测到2个与每序花数有关的QTLs，其贡献值分别为5．22％和8．39％。