黄粉虫种内杂交初步研究

通过黄粉虫黄色品系(Y)和黑色品系(B)间杂交试验,对其杂种1代产卵量、个体大小、头宽及蛋白质含量等方面进行了研究和探讨。结果表明:杂交组合B♀×Y♂在产卵量、头宽、蛹重等方面较两个自交组合达到了显著或极显著水平。其中产卵量较自交组合B♀×B♂相比提高116.83%;而杂交组合Y♀×B♂的卵长、卵重、产卵量、幼虫头宽、幼虫体重、蛹重、蛋白质含量、耐高温能力与Y♀×Y♂、B♀×B♂相比均达到显著或极显著水平,其中蛋白质含量较自交组合B♀×B♂相比提高21.05%。     

基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法

准确地定位稻株是水稻株间除草机械作业的前提,提出了侧位俯拍的图像采集方式获取稻株茎基部图像,采用茎基部分区边缘拟合的方法定位稻株,解决了除草期内水稻冠层接连引起的定位不准确问题。首先分析稻株生长形态,探究侧位俯拍稻株茎基部的相机安装参数设定,以及影响成像质量的相关因素,提出了遮光条件下采集图像的方法,构建了具有遮光功能的图像采集系统;其次采用2G-R-B彩色图像灰度化、自动阈值、形态学操作等方法处理并分割稻株图像,检测茎基部边缘并分析其形态特征,并提出了分区边缘拟合定位方法:划分拟合区间为3个子区间,在子区间内进行边缘拟合,以拟合边缘线段中点坐标均值作为子区间茎基部中点,根据中点拟合茎基部中线,以中线中点作为定位的茎基部中心。最后进行了基于茎基部与冠层的稻株定位精度田间对比试验,结果显示:插秧后10~20 d内,基于茎基部的稻株定位误差均在7.0 mm以下,其中10 d、15 d、20 d时的定位误差分别为6.9mm/6.8 mm、5.9 mm/5.8 mm、6.3 mm/6.5 mm(有水条件/无水条件);基于冠层的稻株定位误差在8.0 mm以上,其中插秧20 d后,定位误差超过15 mm以上。试验结果表明,所提出的基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法,定位精度高,除草适用期长,可满足株间机械除草过程中对稻株精准定位的技术要求。     

Microsatellite markers based assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian olive (Olea europaea L.) collections

To study the genetic variation in Iranian olive collections and some foreign olive cultivars, 47 accessions of 18 local cultivars from 6 olive collections of Iran (Roudbar, Zanjan, Ahvaz, Dezful, Kazeroon and Shiraz), were analyzed along with 30 imported cultivars using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. All the used microsatellite loci revealed polymorphism in the studied genotypes, except GAPU14 and GAPU113 markers. Fourteen microsatellite primers amplified 126 polymorphic alleles in the 87 selected olive accessions. The average number of alleles per locus was 9, ranging from 3 to 14. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.85. The genetic similarity based on Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 1. The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Most of the accessions with the same name were grouped together; some exceptions were also observed. As expected, close relationship was observed among accessions within same cultivar. Most of the Iranian olive accessions were clustered to a main distinct group. Two-dimensional scatter plot of principal component analysis revealed a clear separation of most of the Iranian olives from Syrian and other introduced cultivars. These suggest that Iranian cultivars have different origin related to West Mediterranean basin cultivars and have evolved independently from the others. Between and within Iranian and foreign cultivars (cultivars including three or more accessions) genetic diversity was analyzed using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA revealed higher within cultivar genetic variation (62.76%) as compare to that between cultivar variations (37.24%). The intra- and inter-cultivar variance tested by permutation test showed significant genetic variation at both levels. The high level within cultivar genetic variance could be due to mislabeling and presence of homonyms in cultivars produced by vegetative propagation from original plants.     

Egg trait variation in a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host population of Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus)

Mutual interaction between brood parasites and their hosts is a well‐known model system for studying host–parasite coevolution. Both parties have acted reciprocally, resembling an evolutionary arms race, in which adaptations and counter‐adaptations have evolved as a result of host–parasite dynamics, such as the classical cuckoo–host system. Discrimination among parasite and cuckoo eggs and rejection of foreign eggs is regarded as an important anti‐parasitism strategy. The Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus) is a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host distributed in southwest China. A previous study shows that the babax is an intermediate egg rejector, and most cuckoo eggs are accepted by the Chinese babax, although a small proportion of hosts reject cuckoo eggs. Interestingly, the large hawk‐cuckoo lays non‐mimetic eggs in contrast to the uniform blue eggs of babaxes. Because egg coloration is a critical cue used by host species in favor of the recognition of parasitic eggs by hosts, we used a spectrometer to quantify egg color variation to understand the differentiation in discrimination ability between the egg rejectors and acceptors. We found that the chroma of intra‐clutch variation of babax eggs was more consistent in egg rejectors than in acceptors. However, no statistical significance was found in inter‐clutch variation between these two types of hosts. Our results suggest that hosts lay eggs with a low level of intra‐clutch variation without the necessity of a high level of inter‐clutch variation simultaneously as predicted by the egg signature hypothesis. This study may further indicate that selection pressures from evolutionarily recent parasites can drive individual‐based differences in an anti‐parasitism strategy.     

One intra prediction mode selection algorithm based on edge direction detection in H.〖STHZ〗264〖ST〗

Motion estimation is the most complex part in H.264. Intra prediction is an important part of motion estimation. There are a number of intra prediction modes in H.264, which no doubt greatly increase encoding complexity. In intra prediction, the way of choosing prediction method is rate distortion optimization or using correlation properties. For complexity problem, the paper provides an improved intra prediction mode selection algorithm. This algorithm uses a new detection method to detect the pixel correlation in the direction of mode selection. Test results show that the algorithm has reduced the computational complexity and increased the encoding speed highly in the premise of ensuring video quality.     

Histomorphological studies of the perinatal pig: comparison of five mortality groups with unaffected pigs

The results of a histological examination of organs obtained from 5 clinically and morphologically identified and described mortality groups of pigs dying during the perinatal period (0–60 h of age) were compared with the results obtained from the same examination of unaffected, apparently normal pigs (0.4–60 h of age). The histomorphological pictures were judged blind according to a scale of 1 to 4, where 1 = none or insignificant, and 4 = a high degree of a specific organ characteristic. The results for each organ characteristic were analysed statistically.     

Intra‐cohort cannibalism in early life stages of pikeperch

Cannibalism has been described in 390 teleost fish species belonging to 104 families. In rearing conditions, intra‐cohort cannibalism is one of the major bottlenecks during the early life stages of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). This study aims to describe precisely the occurrence and the onset of cannibalism of this species during the first two post‐hatching months. In a first step, the cannibalistic behaviour was analysed through observations in three experiments. In each experiment, the number of cannibalistic cases was similar. From 14 to 48 days post‐hatching (dph), more than 60 % of prey ingestions were realized by tail‐first, but after 48 dph, the number of prey ingestions by head‐first increased. In a second step, the behavioural sequence exhibited to attack and to capture a conspecific was analysed, taking into account the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey. The behavioural sequence to capture was always the same, similar to a predatory sequence and it seems that the cannibal chose its prey about 10 s before attacking. Moreover, prey choice by a cannibal was based more on the size ratio between the cannibal and its prey than the previous activity of the potential prey. These new results could lead to solutions to decrease cannibalism in pikeperch rearing.