Analysis of the association among three viruses infecting hop in Australia

Associations among Hop latent virus (HpLV), Hop mosaic virus (HpMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were assessed in five hop cultivars at four commercial hop-growing regions in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. The presence or absence of each virus was confirmed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Spatial patterns of virus-infected plants were characterized using the Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs ( sadie ) system of pattern analysis. The association among viruses (occurrence and covariation) was assessed using the Jaccard similarity index, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and sadie . The spatial pattern of plants infected by HpLV and HpMV ranged from random to highly aggregated depending upon the cultivar infected and the mean disease incidence. The spatial pattern of plants infected by ApMV was aggregated in six of the seven plots where ApMV was present. A strong positive association between HpLV and HpMV was found in all cultivars at all locations. This association may be the result of the viruses sharing a common aphid vector species, the presence of one virus enhancing the ability of the aphid vector to acquire the other virus either through transencapsidation or influences on virus titre, or mixed infections within source plants. Significant associations, positive or negative, were found less frequently between HpLV and ApMV, and HpMV and ApMV.     

玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂种间竞争的影响

室内观察了松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生行为,以及两种赤眼蜂在单独和竞争情况下的寄生及其子代蜂受寄主卵龄的影响。结果发现:松毛虫赤眼蜂完成1次寄生所需时间显著短于玉米螟赤眼蜂,而产卵次数占总寄生次数的比例(40.16%)显著低于玉米螟赤眼蜂(66.26%)。单独寄生时,玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂的子代雌蜂数和子代蜂存活无显著影响,但对松毛虫赤眼蜂具有显著影响,且死亡蜂数量随卵龄增大而增多。在竞争情况下,两种赤眼蜂子代总雌蜂数均增加;寄生6h和36h玉米螟卵产出的子代蜂显著小于单独寄生时的子代蜂;寄生12h卵的子代蜂死亡数(21头)显著高于寄生其他龄期的卵,但在其他卵龄间无显著差异。     

栽培稻种间育性S1基因桥梁亲本培育及分子验证研究

栽培稻种间杂种的高度不育是从非洲栽培稻向亚洲栽培稻转移有利基因的最主要障碍.用携带非洲栽培稻的不育基因S1,以亚洲栽培稻为背景的桥梁亲本与非洲栽培稻杂交,可望大大缓解种间杂种的不育.以亚洲栽培稻合系39和非洲栽培稻IRGC104049为材料,培育出一批BC2F10中间材料,其表现型与轮回亲本表现型一致,供体遗传背号占14.18%.用其与合系39回交培育出的BC3F1花粉和小穗均为半不育,BC3F2群体的花粉育性和小穗育性呈双峰分布,分成半不育和可育两类.第六染色体的RM589、RM588、RM190、RM7639、RM586标记与目标性状相关极显著,并把控制育性的位点定位在RM190和RM7639间,距离分别为3.2cM、4.8cM,说明非洲栽培稻的不育基因S1已导入合系39,紧密连锁的SSR标记RM190和RM7639可用于分子标记辅助选择,S1在合系39背号下的配子消除作用达到79.61%,遗传基本符合单位点孢子体配子体互作模式.     

Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.     

细胞质雄性不育棉花种间杂种的光合和花药生理特征

以陆地棉和海岛棉两套细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系为材料,组配了种内杂种(陆地棉与陆地棉)和种间杂种(海岛棉与陆地棉),对种间杂种和种内杂种的光合作用特征和花药相关性状进行了比较研究。结果表明:海陆杂种较陆陆杂种营养生长旺盛,产量较低。海陆杂种的光合性能与陆地棉类型的差异不明显,光合性能主要与棉花自身的基因型有密切的关系。各材料的可育花粉率都超过了90%,海陆杂种表现较强的花粉育性。选育光合效率相对较高的海岛棉亲本,对于提高海陆杂种的光合性能将有一定的帮助。     

海岛棉与瑟伯氏棉、辣根棉、裂片棉、松散棉的杂种F_1细胞学研究

本文报道了海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense,(AD)_2)、与瑟伯氏棉(C.thurberi,D_1)、辣根棉(G.armourianum,D_(2-1))、裂片棉(C.lobatum,D_7)和松散棉(C.laxum,D_8)等4个D染色体组的杂种三倍体F_1主要形态遗传变异及其花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对的研究结果。这4个种间杂种F_1,有的表型象海岛棉,有的象野生二倍体棉,有的表现为中间型。每细胞染色体平均构型依次为:12.83Ⅱ+13.27Ⅰ+0.024Ⅲ;12.10Ⅱ+14.84Ⅰ;12.44Ⅱ+14.24Ⅰ+0.02Ⅲ和12.70Ⅱ+13.40Ⅰ+0.025Ⅲ+0.033Ⅳ;完全配对成13Ⅱ和13Ⅰ的细胞,其比例分别为60.3％、19.9％、42.2％和45.9％。这表明:在这4个D染色体组棉种中,以瑟伯氏棉与海岛棉的关系最为密切,其次为松散棉、裂片棉,而辣根棉的关系最远。本文还讨论了这4个D染色体组种与海岛棉的亲缘关系。     

山西云顶山亚高山草甸优势种种间关系分析

为揭示山西云顶山亚高山草甸植物群落优势种的种间关系,本研究通过种间联结性和相关性测定,对其植物群落13个优势种78个种对的种间关系进行研究。结果表明:13个优势种间大部分种对的种间关联不显著,种间联结不紧密,说明山西云顶山亚高山草甸植物群落结构不很稳定,存在一定程度的生态退化风险;多数原生优势种在群落中占据主要位置,同时也出现少数非原生优势种优势明显,有逐渐取代典型原生优势种的逆行演替趋势,这是由于人类频繁的旅游扰动所致。因此,应当合理的控制旅游开发强度与游客数量,保持亚高山草甸生态系统的稳定与自我维持,以持续高效的维持云顶山亚高山草甸的经济及生态价值。     

甘蓝型油菜×甘蓝的杂交亲和性研究——Ⅱ.母本基因型对花粉-雌蕊相互作用的影响

以遗传基础各不相同的6个甘蓝型油菜品系与甘蓝杂交,观察授粉后3、8和24小时花粉在柱头上附着,萌发及花粉管在柱头和花柱中的生长情况。从对花粉和柱头乳突细胞的形态学观察和统计分析的结果看,母本基因型对种间的花粉一雌蕊相互作用影响很大。对杂交幼果田间脱落率的调查结果支持这一论点。供试材料中以甘蓝型油菜自交不亲和系184×甘蓝的授粉亲和性最高,因此自交不亲和与种间杂交不亲和似乎是分别受极为相似的两套基因系统控制的。     

凤梨草莓与黄毛草莓种间杂种果实香气成分的代谢谱分析

[目的]通过比较黄毛草莓和凤梨草莓的2个种间杂种PF(具黄毛草莓浓郁的蜜桃香气)和NF(无蜜桃香气)完熟期果实香气成分的代谢谱,为黄毛草莓蜜桃香气特征成分鉴定及野生草莓优异资源的开发利用提供参考.[方法]采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱/质谱联用技术(gas chromatograph tandem mass spectr...