漠大原油管道SCADA通讯中断原因及应对措施

漠大原油管道SCADA控制系统通讯中断频繁,严重威胁管道的安全运行。基于漠大原油管道通讯中断数据,统计分析了通讯中断时长、通讯中断类型的比例分布特性,结果表明,时长2～12 h的通讯中断频次最高,占总中断次数的44.3%。探讨了漠大原油管道通讯中断原因,其中天气因素与设备故障是导致通讯中断的主要因素,共导致了74.4%的通讯中断时长。为了降低通讯中断频次,结合漠大原油管道的运营现状,提出了4项管理措施：加强天气监控及现场作业管理,做好应急预案;完善管道保护程序;积极开展维护修复工作;加快推进加格达奇以南光缆割接与测试工作。     

Use of a cyclic high-pressure sodium lamp to inhibit flowering of chrysanthemum and velvet sage

Photoperiod is commonly controlled in the commercial production of ornamental crops to induce or prevent flowering. Flower induction in short-day (SD) plants can be prevented or delayed when the natural daylength is short by providing low-intensity lighting during the dark period. A stationary high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp with an oscillating aluminum parabolic reflector (cyclic HPS) has been developed to provide intermittent lighting to greenhouse crops. We determined the efficacy of a cyclic HPS lamp at preventing flowering in SD plants garden chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.] ‘Bianca’, pot chrysanthemum ‘Auburn’, and velvet sage (Salvia leucantha L.) relative to traditional night interruption (NI) lighting strategies. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse at a mean daily temperature of 19.5–20.7 °C with natural SD photoperiods. NI lighting was delivered during the middle of the night (2230–0230 h) from a 600 W cyclic HPS lamp mounted at one gable end of the greenhouse or from incandescent (INC) lamps that were illuminated for the entire 4 h (CONT INC) or for 6 min every 30 min for 4 h. Plants under cyclic HPS were grown at lateral distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, or 13 m from under the lamp. Control plants were grown under an uninterrupted 15 h skotoperiod. As the distance from the cyclic HPS lamp increased from 1 to 13 m, the maximum irradiance measured during the NI decreased from 25.4 to 0.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and time to visible inflorescence (VI) and the number of nodes at VI decreased. All species had a VI within 54 d, but ≤10% of plants flowered when grown at a lateral distance of 1 or 4 m from the cyclic HPS lamp or under CONT INC. Plants grown without NI had a VI 2 to 15 d earlier and flowered 7 to 24 d earlier than plants grown at 10 or 13 m from the cyclic HPS. All garden chrysanthemums flowered under cyclic INC, whereas velvet sage and pot chrysanthemum had 15% and 35% flowering, respectively. These results indicate that a cyclic HPS lamp can be used effectively to delay flower induction and prevent flowering in these species when NI is delivered at ≥2.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.     

局域网网络环境中的实时通信模型

讨论了局域网网络环境中的实时通信过程的模型。采用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ的时间中断技术建立了通信过程中相应的几个模型：对话建立模型、数据发送与接收模型和对话结束模型，以便用于网络中的实时通信、实时演示和实时讨论。     

硬盘锁的研究与应用

通过修改BIOS的INT13H中断,使其常驻内存,拦截所有对硬盘C分区的写操作。介绍了硬盘锁的原理,给出了用汇编语言实现硬盘锁的实例。     

麻杏石甘散组方提取液对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒影响的研究

为筛选抗传染性支气管炎病毒中药,对麻杏石甘散组方进行加减,研制形成3个中药组方,并以其为试验药物,观察其在9~15日龄鸡胚上对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒IBV-M41株的作用效果。结果表明,在安全浓度范围内,3个组方对该病毒均具有一定的阻断和抑制作用,其中,组方1的阻断和抑制作用较为突出。     

东灵山亚高山草甸优势种的点格局分析

点格局分析法是20世纪末发展起来的多尺度空间格局分析方法。通过研究东灵山亚高山草甸种群的点格局,发现草甸种群的空间分布格局和空间关联性同旅游干扰因素有密切联系。在旅游的强干扰下,东灵山亚高山草甸具有集群和各尺度上表现出空间负关联的特点。这种空间分布的特点,说明在旅游干扰严重的群落中,草甸各物种几乎靠顽强的繁殖能力发展起来,生态位差异明显,而后才是物种自身特性、种内和种间竞争等因素作用的结果,因而各种群首先表现出明显的群体效应,以充分利用环境资源。     

SPI总线从机接口实时模拟的实现

MCS51系列单片机由于不带SPI串行总线接口而限制了其在SPI总线接口器件的使用。文章介绍了SPI串行总线的特征和时序,并以双CPU通信为例,给出了在51系列单片机上利用中断实现SPI串行总线通信的方法和软件设计程序,从机在实现SPI接口同时还可以完成其他操作任务。     

Simulation of chromium transport in the unsaturated zone for predicting contaminant entries into the groundwater

Heavy metal contaminations in the top‐soil layers can impose serious threats to groundwater quality. A seepage water prognosis of probable future contaminant entries at the groundwater surface has to take into account the emission characteristics of the source zone and the reactive transport of the contaminated leachate through the unsaturated zone. Here, a possible approach is presented, exemplarily for a site contaminated with chromium, encompassing batch elution experiments, unsaturated soil column leaching experiments with flow interruption, soil monolith lysimeter experiments, and numerical modeling of non‐equilibrium solute transport. The prognosis provides a long‐term prediction of Cr concentrations at the groundwater surface. It must be emphasized, that the modeling results are uncertain, because several of the parameters in the simulations can be determined only with significant errors. Additionally, the approach is not applicable routinely for every hazardous waste site. Our study reveals, however, that reactive contaminants can possibly reach the groundwater at hazardous concentrations within very short time.     

伪中断在工业监控系统中的应用

针对工业监控系统经常遇到的有关实时系统与管理系统的问题，提出了一种叫“伪中断服务”的编程方法，说明了这种方法的结构，介绍了编程方法并用Ｃ语言源程序给予说明．     

Detection of non‐equilibrium contaminant release in soil columns: Delineation of experimental conditions by numerical simulations

Robust and reliable laboratory methods are required to assess the rate of release of pollutants from contaminated materials. A widely used approach to determine release parameters are soil column experiments. Release rates are thereby obtained by the analysis of the concentration time profile measured at the column outlet, the so called breakthrough curve. Insufficient experimental information as a consequence of simple experimental designs, however, results in the non‐unique identification of the release processes. This is due to the equifinality, i.e., different processes result in the same breakthrough behavior. We analyzed column outflow experiments for their suitability for the identification of non‐equilibrium conditions by means of numerical simulations. Results show that non‐equilibrium conditions can be detected only in a small range of release time scale to transport time scale. Most frequently, non‐equilibrium remains undetected due to unmatched experimental conditions. Flow interruptions and modulation of the flow velocity are an important means to allow for better detection of possible non‐equilibrium release processes. The efficiency of flow interruptions sensitively depends on the experimental conditions, such as point of time and duration of the interruption and the imposed flow velocity. Column experiments are a suitable experimental tool to investigate non‐equilibrium. However, the course of the experiment has to be designed very carefully.