里山倡议及其在我国台湾地区的实践应用

“里山倡议”是透过农业生物多样性的保育,平衡生态环境、生产和生活文化,利用自然资源和传统文化知识,确保社会—生态生产地景的永续利用,建立人与自然的良性互动。文中以台湾地区林务局推动里山倡议概念中的“林下经济永续经营可行性之研究”为基础,梳理里山倡议在社会—生态生产地景的运作内容及框架;在实践过程中强调传统知识和现代技术的融合,对山林地景的保护、恢复及营造,借由城乡交流和互惠,以地景为尺度、社区为主体,透过培力(充权)社区参与自然资源经营,构建生态与生计共存的永续经营模式;总结台湾社区里山倡议的发展过程,跨地域整合及促进生态福祉的整体策略架构。     

农区林业实践对我国退耕还林工程的启示

相对于我国退耕还林工程,农区林业的优势在于:经营模式多样,农民经营风险低,行为自主性较强,为农村剩余劳动力(特别是妇女)提供更多就业机会,政府干预较少。我国退耕还林工程应该学习农区林业的成功经验,从政策上做出调整,建立促使农民积极参与的激励机制,并减少政府的直接干预,以降低政策成本。     

Harnessing the potential for otolith microchemistry to foster the conservation of Amazonian fishes

1. Freshwater environments host roughly half of the world’s fish diversity, much of which is concentrated in large, tropical river systems such as the Amazon. Fishes are critical to ecosystem functioning in the Amazon River basin but face increasing human threats. The basic biology of these species, and particularly migratory behaviour, remains poorly studied, in part owing to the difficulty associated with conducting tagging studies in remote tropical regions.
2. Otolith microchemistry can circumvent logistical issues and is an increasingly important tool for studying fish life histories. However, this approach is still new in the Amazon, and its potential and limitations to inform fish conservation strategies remain unclear.
3. Here, otolith microchemistry studies in the Amazon are reviewed, highlighting current possibilities, and several key factors that limit its use as a conservation tool in the Amazon are discussed. These include the dearth of spatiotemporal elemental data, poor understanding of environment–fish–otolith pathways, and insufficient funding, facilities, and equipment.
4. A research initiative is proposed to harness the potential of this technique to support conservation in the Amazon. Key aspects of the proposal include recommendations for internal and external funding, which are critical to acquiring and maintaining technical staff, cutting-edge equipment, and facilities, as well as fostering regular scientific meetings and working groups. Meetings can facilitate a systematic approach to investigating environment–otolith pathways, broadening the chemical baseline for most Amazonian tributaries, and exploring potential valuable elements.
5. These outcomes are urgently needed to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the Amazon, especially given threats such as widespread hydroelectric damming. The initiative proposed here could make otolith microchemistry an important, cost-effective tool to inform and foster conservation in the Amazon, and act as a template for other imperilled tropical river basins, such as the Mekong and the Congo.

     

论在会计教学中贯彻主体观念

会计课是一门实务性很强的学科，应创设轻松民主的环境促进主体发展，留出足够的思维构建空间。精讲重点，作好主导，授之以学习之道。     

提高学生学习主动性论纲

目前,高校学生学习主动性较差,被动式学习者较多,如何变被动为主动地学习是一个重要课题。探讨了通过帮助学生明确学习目标,培养学习兴趣,创造集体学习氛围,并辅以平等、宽松、幽默、鼓舞性的课堂氛围和秩序来提高学生学习主动性的问题。     

中国—东盟跨境农业科技合作模式与发展路径

当前，中国与东盟国家在跨境农业科技交流与合作平台搭建、跨境农业技术培训服务、跨境农业技术试验示范项目和跨境农业产业园建设等方面的合作模式特色鲜明并走向成熟。以“一带一路”建设为契机，总结中国—东盟农业科技合作成功经验与面临的问题，由此提出了健全跨境农业技术市场体系、促进跨境农业科技合作的多元主体协同发展、健全跨境农业科技合作体系、构建跨境农业科技合作组织协调机制以及提供跨境农业科技合作配套服务支撑体系等发展路径。     

试论草坪主动除草

根据1999－202年在50多个高尔夫球场草坪防除杂草的实践，基于土壤中杂草种子库、杂草与草坪竞争的生态学原理，提出了草坪主动除草的理论。包含控杂草于危害前，树草坪竞争优势，治理杂草种子库，预防潜在的杂草问题。阐述了如何取得杂草防除、保持杂草防除的主动权以及如何制定主动防除草坪杂草的方案。     

介词“用”引进工具状语的两种方式

本文是对“用”引导的典型的工具状语所作的探索。阐述了在工具状语的运用中体现出来的人的能动性。根据介词短语在句中的不同, 将其分为两类, 分析了它们在结构、意义、转化方面的不同, 并分别对这两类内部的不同作了分析和比较     

浅析大学英语写作教学改革的思路及模式

传统大学英语写作教学中存在着严重的弊端,针对弊端进行改革势在必行。在教学实践中建立虚拟课堂,并将其同传统的写作课堂教学相结合,在培养学生自主学习能力的同时,极大地调动了学生学习的积极性,使学生的写作能力大力提升,同时也为大学英语写作教学的改革提供实践支持。