Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

天山地形对新疆大风和降温天气作用的数值模拟研究

2009年5月24日夜间～26日夜间,新疆地区自西向东出现了明显的降水、大风、降温天气过程。为研究此次天气过程中天山地形的作用,文中用WRFV3.1模式对其进行了数值模拟,并通过改变天山山脉的地形高度设计了一组敏感性试验,分析了天山地形对此次强天气过程中大风和降温的影响。结果表明,天山山脉地形对准格尔盆地西北部直至天山山脉北侧的气流有明显的阻挡与减缓作用,对三十里风区、百里风区、汗腾格里峰北坡强风带的形成有直接而重要的作用;地形高度越高,产生垂直运动的地形抬升机制越强,地形强迫抬升作用产生的垂直上升运动越剧烈;天山山脉明显地减轻了寒潮天气过程中南疆塔里木盆地的降温幅度,对准格尔盆地北部的寒潮降温幅度也有一定的减缓作用,对塔里木盆地的"保温"作用较准格尔盆地明显。     

建设项目环境影响评价的局限性问题

建设项目环境影响评价主要指项目实施后可能带来的负面环境影响预测、分析与评估,进而提出预防不良环境影响的有效措施,实现跟踪监测。但是目前我国建设项目环境影响仍具有一定局限性,只有充分认识到存在的问题,积极改进,才能发挥评价的真正作用。     

在言语交际中语境对语义产生的影响

语境即言语环境,它包括语言因素,也包括非语言因素,上下文、时间、空间、情景、对象、话语前提等与话词使用有关的都是语境因素。关于语境,国内外很多学者都做过大量系统的研究。本文通过对语境在言语交际中的应用,分析了语境对语义所产生的影响,以期对语言的教学有所借鉴与帮助。     

人为影响下古尔班通古特沙漠小尺度生态环境变化

随着沙漠中油气资源勘探开发、公路建设和重大工程相继实施 ,对生态环境的人为影响日益加深。本文以重大工程实验点为例 ,通过研究对比工程影响区内人工沙垄和自然沙垄的砂质新成土理化性状和植被群落特征 ,指出了沙漠生态环境在人为干扰下发生的一系列变化 ,以及受损生态环境在人们采取积极补救措施的情况下所具有的自然修复能力     

生态园林对张掖人居环境的影响

本文通过对生态园林特点的分析研究,概括提出了生态园林的自然化、生态化和人性化、人本化的风格是未来生态园林的两大发展主题,进而探索了生态园林对人居环境品质的影响及重大意义。     

人类活动对珠江三角洲酸性硫酸盐土壤发育的影响

In the Pearl River Delta with more than 1000 years of intensive land reclamation history,the development of acid sulphate soils has been generally limited in terms of their acid potential (pyrite content)and spatial extent.This is attributed to the rapid delta progradation,partially resulted from increasing sediment yield caused by deforestation within the catchment and the empolderment in the estuarine embayment.The empolderment practice accompanied by the clearance of mangroves stopped the upward growth of the pyritic layer on the one hand and limited the vertical accretion of non-pyritic freshwater sediments over the pyritic layer on the one hand and limited the vertical accretion of non-pyritic freshwater sediments over the pyritic estuarine sediments on the other.In such a case,the pyritic layer in the area is frequently thin and of shallow occurrence.Under forced leaching-recharge conditions for the paddy rice cultivation ,the leaching of acid sulphate materials prevails over its production and this leads to a net loss in pyrite oxidation products.Land excavation for fishpond farming accelerates pyrite oxidation due to the direct exposure of the pyrtic sediments to air on the pond bunds.Severe acidification can intensity the environmental degradation of estuarine ecosystems.     

云南省水电开发中森林资源的保护与恢复对策

简要地介绍了云南省水能资源及开发的现状,从林业发展的角度分析了水电站开发对森林资源产生的正、负面影响,并提出水电开发中森林资源的恢复和保护对策.     

Industry Perceptions of HERDA in Performance Horses

Hereditary equine regional derma asthenia (HERDA), an autosomal-recessive trait, found in Quarter Horses, causes abnormal collagen structure. Owing to current breeding practices, 3.5% of registered quarter horses and 28.3% of the cow horse population are heterozygote carriers. Research demonstrated homozygote horses develop hyperextensible skin susceptible to injury and other abnormal tissues containing high fibrillar collagen content. No research exists determining the effects of the disease in heterozygote carriers. Currently, 30% of cutting sires are HERDA carriers, potentially increasing the number of heterozygous individuals when bred. The objective of the present study is to gauge knowledge of the disease, perception, and concerns of the diseases’ impact on horse performance and perceived value and breeding decisions. A Qualtrics link was distributed to horse owners via extension specialists and was available online on equine-related Facebook pages. Overall group means and standard deviations for constructs were reported. A total of 228 responses were collected. Most participants were involved in reining and cutting and 34.6% reported they were very familiar with the disease. Participants (78.5%) reported that HERDA status affects value of a breeding animal. Owners of HERDA carriers (62.5%) noticed no difference in performance or injury compared with noncarriers. Respondents (95.2%) believed that all breeding animals should have HERDA status available. Respondents are attempting to make informed breeding decisions based on HERDA status by pairing carriers with noncarriers; however, it remains to be seen if that is adequate to control the disease. Education regarding breeding practices and its impact on the genetic pool are warranted.     

淫羊藿总黄酮提取方法的比较研究

为了比较不同提取方法对中药淫羊藿总黄酮含量的影响,试验采用水煎、超声波和回流法进行总黄酮的提取,采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果表明:回流组和超声3组总黄酮含量极显著高于超声2组、超声1组和水煎组(P<0.01),超声2组总黄酮含量极显著高于超声1组和水煎组(P<0.01),超声1组总黄酮含量极显著高于水煎组(P<0.01)。说明采用回流法(用80%乙醇回流)提取淫羊藿总黄酮的提取率最高,水煎法提取率最低。