氯化铯催化氢氧化钾促进二烷基二硒醚的合成

针对氢氧化钠作用下水合肼还原硒形成Na2Se2 与磺酸酯反应制备二烷基二硒醚需要在高温(100 ℃)下才能有效进行,且仅适用于制备不含官能团的二烷基二硒醚的问题.由于铯离子体积大, 与阴离子之间的静电作用弱, 使与之键合的阴离子表现出强的碱性和亲核性，利用铯碱作缩合剂，能显著降低反应的活化能, 使许多反应在温和条件下就能有效进行.根据离子交换原理，采用氯化铯和TBAI作催化剂, 以无水DMF作溶剂, 4A分子筛作吸水剂, 氢氧化钾促进肼还原硒, 随后与含官能团的卤代烃或磺酸酯反应, 高收率地形成对应的二烷基二硒醚.本方法不仅可以合成含官能团的二硒醚，而且具有反应条件温和、产率高等优点.     

Characterizing the pigmented traditional rice cultivars grown in temperate regions of Kashmir (India) for free and bound phenolics compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties

The purpose of the research was to identify the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of seven different traditional pigmented whole rice cultivars grown in the temperate regions of Kashmir so as to study their relationship with in vitro antioxidant capacities. The completely pigmented rice cultivars were found to have higher phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than the light colored and sparely colored rice cultivars. A total of 40 compounds had been identified in the analyzed rice cultivars that were found to be distributed in 6 major categories with 6-phenolics, 6-flavonoids, 11-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 7-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3-anthocyanins and 7-flavonoid glucosides of different flavonoid compounds. Among the free and bound fractions for each cultivars the light and sparsely colored depicted higher content of phenolics and in vitro antioxidant properties in bound faction, while the completely pigmented cultivars showed higher antioxidant properties in free fractions. The anthocyanins quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-diglucoside had been identified by LC-MS existing in the free fractions of the analyzed rice cultivars whereas, the free fraction of acetone + H₂O possessed higher percentage of phenolic compounds as compared to methanolic extracts and bound fractions. The black colored cultivars possessed higher DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition.     

水合物技术在天然气储运中的应用

介绍了天然气水合物(NGH)的结构及物理性质.用NGH运输天然气具有安全、可靠和费用低的优点.研究表明,NGH物理性质稳定,除需要绝热条件外,不需要冷却到平衡温度即可投入大规模储运.分析了典型的水合物生成及分解流程,并将NGH储运方法与液化天然气法进行了经济比较.     

水合物浆液流动特性数值模拟

考虑水合物颗粒体积分数对水合物浆液粘度的影响,应用CFD／FLUENT模拟得到了设计工况下水平管中水合物浆液流型、床层高度,颗粒体积分数分布,管道压降、平均粘度等数据,同时基于DoronP等提出的适用于固液两相流动的双层流动模型,编程求解各工况下的流动参数。通过对比模拟结果、计算结果和实验结果可知,数值模拟方法可以对水合物浆液在水平管中的流动压降进行准确预测,而通过编写UDF,将水合物颗粒流动过程中的粒径分布考虑其中,可以更好地描述水合物浆液的流动状态。因此,数值模拟方法可以作为研究水平管中水合物浆液流动特性、分析流动参数影响因素的有效手段,但尚存不足,有待完善。（图7,表4,参10）     

饱和软粘土深层搅拌加固法原理初探

随着工程建设的发展,在深厚软土层上建造大型工业建筑、高层房屋及港口码头工程日益增多,因此软粘土加固技术越来越受重视。纵观现有的加固方法各有其不适应性,因此需要大力开发研究新的加固技术。     

Effect of Application of Acidified Porous Hydrate Calcium Silicate and Porous Hydrated Calcium Silicate on the Growth of Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.)

The effect of the application of acidified porous hydrate calcium silicate (APS) in nursery bed soil and porous hydrate calcium silicate (PS) in paddy fields on the growth of rice plants ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore) was examined in 2002 and 2003. The results revealed the following: 1) Shoot dry weight of rice seedlings increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. The tiller number of rice plants after transplanting in both years also increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil, and in 2003, the tiller number in the treatment with a combination of APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy fields was significantly higher than that in the other treatments until the maximum tiller number stage. Furthermore, the root length of rice plants 14 d after transplanting increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 2) Silicon concentration in the soil solution significantly increased by PS treatment in paddy fields, and the concentration of dissolved carbon oxide increased by APS treatment in nursery bed soil. 3) Only in the APS treatment the rice yield was 341 g m⁻², while 400 and 450 g m⁻² in the PS and both APS and PS treatments, respectively, in 2003. Percentages of ripened grains in the plots without PS treatment ranged from 57 to 63%, respectively, while, those in the PS treated plots were 82%. The numbers of panicles and ripened grains in both APS and PS treatments were the highest among the treatments. Based on the above results, we concluded that both APS in nursery bed soil and PS in paddy field treatments were effective in improving the silicon nutrition and growth of rice plants, and that this effect was enhanced by a combination of treatments with the two.     

输气管道水化物堵塞的预防和处理

阐述了输气管道内水化物的成因，特性及游离水的来源，并对其进行了分析，根据分析结果，给出了预测管道内水化物形成区域的方法，提出了三项预防水化物的措施，（1）施工阶段避免过多使用弯管，（2）投产前增加吹扫次数，彻底清除水，（3）运行初期定期注入抑制剂，指出对已形成水化物的管道段，可采取尽快降低运行压力，加热，注醇和放空等措施进行处理。     

水合物聚集影响因素及正交试验研究

通过水合物聚集体受力分析确定了其主要聚集力是毛细液桥力,完善了水合物聚集体临界最大粒径计算模型.水合物聚集影响因素有接触角、油水界面张力、油相粘度、水合物体积分数、剪切速率,分析单一因素变化对水合物聚集的影响,发现油水界面张力增大导致聚集加剧,其他因素增大则会抑制水合物聚集.以水合物聚集体临界最大粒径作为聚集程度的评判指标,利用正交试验确定了因素水平的最优组合,水合物体积分数作为影响最大的因素,需要首先将其控制在最优水平.研究成果可为确保管输水合物浆稳定流动提供支持.（表3,图7,参14）     

21世纪能源的转换及天然气管道工业

从利用核聚变获取新能源、天然气水合物转化为天然气和输气管道与地下储气库建设之间的关系等方面,分析与预测了21世纪能源的转换趋势。认为在新世纪应加快对新型能源的开发与利用,尤其是我国要大力发展天然气工业,加强对天然气水合物特别是水合物转化为天然气的研究工作。     

利用水合物实现天然气的固态输送

介绍了天然气水合物的结构、性质及生成条件，讨论了天然气水合物作为一种高度压缩的固态天然气在输气中的应用。对天然气四种运输形式的成本进行了比较，结果表明，利用天然气水合物进行固态输送时成本最低。认为天然气的这种方式是输气工艺的新方向，具有广阔的应用前景。提出了利用水合物进行天然气固态输送在实现工业化过程中的一些尚待解决的技术问题。