Isolation and Identification of BPIV3 Genotype C

To identify the infection agents from Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, where feedlot cattle indicated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the M gene of the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 was amplified by RT-PCR.The PCR product was ligated to pMD18-T vector and cloned to E.coli DH5α.The positive clones were sequenced and compared with the reference strains in GenBank by the molecular biology software.Sequence alignment results showed that a BPIV3 strain was isolated from the samples and named NX49, the M gene of NX49 included 1 056 nucleotides.Evolutionary analysis showed that the NX49 belonged to BPIV3 C genotype and shared 99.4% nucleotide identity with that of the SD0835 isolated in Shandong province.The characterization of the NX49 demonstrated that it was sensitive to temperature, acid and organic matter.The presence of Mg²⁺ showed no protection against the treatment at high temperature.The HA test suggested that the NX49 enables to agglutinate the guinea pig RBC at 4 ℃ and the titer was 1∶4.The study isolated a BPIV3 genotype C strain successfully, which facilitate the study of molecular evolution and epidemiology of BPIV3 in China.     

翠竹及菲白竹LEA3同源基因的克隆及序列分析

竹类植物在中国有着非常悠久的栽培历史,并被广泛应用于园林、造林、庭院以及食品等行业。本研究以翠竹和菲白竹为材料提取其叶片总DNA,采用PCR方法获得翠竹SpLEA3基因与菲白竹SfLEA3-1、SfLEA3-2基因;其中SpLEA3全长804 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.4%;SfLEA3-1全长803 bp,编码195个氨基酸,GC含量为68.2%;SfLEA3-2全长557 bp,编码144个氨基酸,GC含量为67.8%。通过ProtParamy等生物软件分析,SpLEA3、SfLEA3-1和SfLEA3-2与贵州悬竹LEA3基因同源性高达61%以上,且3个基因编码蛋白均属于亲水性蛋白。源自2个竹种LEA3基因均包含一个完整的开放阅读框,其编码的氨基酸含有4~6个由11个氨基酸组成的保守基元序列。本研究不仅为深入了解竹类植物抗旱的分子机理研究提供了基础数据,也为竹类植物的抗旱育种后续研究提供了科学依据。     

Surface-active properties of particle size fractions in two humic acids

The relationships between surface active properties and humic acid (HA) particle sizes were investigated. Two HAs from an Ando soil and a Brown forest soil were separated into 6 particle size fractions by gel permeation chromatography. Surface-active properties characterized by surface excess value (\gT mol cm^-2), cross-sectional surface area per molecule (A nm²), critical micelle concentration (CMC g L^-1), efficiency and effectiveness of water surface tension reduction were obtained by the measurement of the surface tension of HA solutions from different particle size fractions. For the HA from the Ando soil, except for the smallest particle size fraction, increasing particle size enhanced the efficiency of reduction of the water surface tension and decreased the CMC, while the effectiveness of reduction of the water surface tension was about the same. The surface activity of the HA from the Ando soil increased with increasing particle size. This phenomenon was similar to the surface activity of a homologous series of surfactants, which increased with increasing alkyl chain length. For the HA from the Brown forest soil, the smallest particle size fraction and three large fractions showed a high efficiency, namely a high surface activity. The smallest fraction from the Brown forest soil showed the highest efficiency and the lowest CMC value. In both HAs, the smallest particle size fraction showed exceptional surface-active properties compared with the other fractions and three fractions with large particle size showed a higher surface activity than other smaller fractions.     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的绵羊示踪脐带间充质干细胞系的建立

【目的】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术建立绵羊示踪脐带间充质干细胞系,为间充质干细胞的临床治疗与分化机制研究奠定基础。【方法】根据绵羊ROSA26的基因组序列,利用在线工具ZiFiT Targeter Version 4.2设计合成3对引物,利用点突变法,以px330质粒为模板分别进行PCR,DpnⅠ去除质粒DNA后,PCR产物自身环化,酶切测序鉴定,构建以绵羊Rosa26为靶标基因的sgRNA/Cas9载体,构建的质粒含Cas9和向导RNA(single-guide RNA,sgRNA) 表达盒,由U6启动子驱动表达。将上述载体分别利用脂质体转染绵羊脐带间充质干细胞(sUMSCs),提取其基因组PCR后进行T7E1酶切,琼脂糖电泳分析条带灰度以检测载体编辑活性。根据sgRNA序列在绵羊ROSA26靶位点的上下游设计并合成左、右同源臂扩增引物,提取绵羊全基因组为模板分别进行PCR扩增得到左右同源臂,回收纯化后分别与pMD19-Simple连接,酶切测序鉴定获得左、右同源臂重组质粒。根据PCR引入的酶切位点,将左同源臂质粒和Donor表达载体DC-DON-SH02 ROSA26进行酶切连接,鉴定获得左臂重组打靶载体,使用相同方法将右同源臂质粒连接到左臂打靶载体上,鉴定获得Donor打靶载体,载体携带嘌呤霉素抗性基因和绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）报告基因。在生长良好的sUMSCs中加入不同浓度的嘌呤霉素,观察细胞存活时间,确定最佳抗性筛选浓度和时间。利用脂质体共转sgRNA/Cas9载体和Donor载体到绵羊间充质干细胞,在其ROSA26位点切割DNA双链,在DNA断裂处通过同源重组方式引入报告基因,转染48 h后进行嘌呤霉素抗性筛选,筛选结束后更换正常培养基继续培养,观察绿色荧光的表达并提取阳性细胞基因组,针对ROSA26位点设计上下游两对引物对其进行PCR检测其整合情况。【结果】（1）针对绵羊Rosa26位点设计3对PCR引物,利用点突变法将sgRNA 克隆至px330的BbsⅠ酶切位点上,成功构建sgRNA/Cas9载体px330-sgRNA1/2/3,将其分别转染sUMSCs,T7E1酶切结果表明px330-sgRNA2/3出现脱靶现象,未在靶位点发生编辑,px330-sgRNA1的编辑效率最高,约为20%;（2）基于sgRNA1,PCR法获得打靶载体的左、右同源臂,经一系列分子生物学方法先后连接到载体DC-DON-SH02 ROSA26上,经酶切和PCR鉴定,成功获得绵羊ROSA26位点的重组载体sROSA26-HA;（3）筛选得到sUMSCs最佳抗性浓度时间,利用Lipofectamine2000共转染sgRNA/Cas9载体和Donor重组载体到sUMSCs,1.5 μg·mL^-1嘌呤霉素筛选15d至对照组细胞全部死亡,获得的阳性克隆并扩大培养。显微镜下可观察到明显的绿色荧光,且与对照组相比,阳性细胞克隆的基因组PCR均检测到特异条带,表明sUMSCs的ROSA26位点发生同源重组,GFP基因被成功敲入到基因组中并能正常表达,该细胞可以用于动物疾病模型中追踪sUMSCs的去向和分化方向的研究。【结论】成功利用CRISPR/Cas9系统在sUMSCs内实现外源GFP基因的定点敲入,获得绵羊示踪脐带间充质干细胞系,为间充质干细胞进一步的临床转化奠定了基础。     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

表型同型交配群体的Shannon信息熵和互信息

应用信息论方法研究了在表型同型交配下一对等位基因群体的基因型信息熵和互信息。在表型同型交配下,从随机交配下的平衡状态开始,群体的基因型信息熵逐代减少,但这种减少的趋势越来越慢,最终趋向于零。随着基因型信息熵的减少,群体的遗传多样性程度也越来越小。在表型同型交配下,群体的配子间互信息逐代增加,但这种减少的趋势越来越慢,最终趋向于零。配子间互信息的增加说明,配子间的信息交流程度逐代增加,两性配子间的信息关联程度越来越密切,而这用表型信息关联系数反映会更好。最后应用Matlab软件进行了数学模拟,直观验证了所得的结论。     

芸薹属作物花粉发育相关基因MS1的生物信息学分析

[目的]利用生物信息学分析芸薹属作物MS1基因的结构功能,为作物杂种优势利用提供理论参考.[方法]以拟南芥花粉发育关键基因AtMS1为参考序列,通过BLAST比对获得同源基因序列,运用生物信息学方法对其编码氨基酸序列进行预测分析.[结果]从甘蓝型油菜、白菜、甘蓝等芸薹属作物基因组中获得4条同源序列,与AtMS1基因的相似性在88.0%以上,均含有3个外显子,其CDS序列长度均为2004 bp,编码667个氨基酸.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白均含有1个植物同源结构域(Plant homeodomain,PHD),属于亲水性不稳定蛋白,定位于细胞核,磷酸化以丝氨酸(Ser)为主,以苏氨酸(Thr)和酪氨酸(Tyr)为辅;二级结构均由α-螺旋、β-转角、延伸链和无规则卷曲组成,其中α-螺旋所占比例最高,在40.00%以上,β-转角所占比例最低,仅为10.00%左右;其三级结构大致相同,均为球状的功能结构域.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白和AtMS1蛋白序列的相似性为95.69%.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白的PHD结构域序列高度保守,仅有3个位点氨基酸残基存在差异.19个不同植物的MS1同源蛋白聚为两大类,其中琴叶拟南芥、亚麻荠、萝卜的MS1蛋白与4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白及拟南芥AtMS1蛋白聚为一类,均属于十字花科植物,即MS1蛋白的聚类结果与植物系统分类结果相吻合.[结论]芸薹属作物MS1基因属于PHD-finger基因家族,其序列高度保守,参与调控花粉发育成熟过程.     

Analysis,sorption and residues of a homologous series of isothiocyanates on wheat

A series of isothiocyanates (R-NCS, R, 1–6 carbon atoms) was applied in the vapour phase to wheat in sealed containers. The speed of sorption, as measured by the rate of loss from the intergranular air space, was inversely proportional to molecular weight; e.g. the time for 50% sorption of hexyl isothiocyanate was over 100 times longer than for the methyl analogue. Despite extensive sorption, most of the applied chemicals was recovered from the fumigated wheat seven days after dosing, indicating that sorption did not lead to extensive degradation. Purge and trap techniques proved suitable for recovery of low-boiling, but not high-boiling chemicals.     

A retrospective study of 30 cases of frozen lamellar corneal graft in dogs and cats

Frozen lamellar corneal grafts and nictitating membrane flaps were used in 18 dogs and 12 cats to repair deep corneal defects. In all dogs either melting corneal ulcers or descemetoceles were present. In the 12 cats, nine had either a melting corneal ulcer or descemetocele, two animals had acute bullous keratopathy, and one cat had corneal sequestrum. Initial vascularization with gradual clearing of the graft occurred during the first 45 days postoperatively. At 60 days postoperatively, all eyes were visual. Frequent postoperative complications included: focal dehiscence of the wound ( n  = 9); melting of part of the graft ( n  = 7); and pigmentation of the graft ( n  = 4). The frozen lamellar corneal graft was a very safe technique, and restored the tectonic and the optical function of the cornea. It provided the best results in corneas with nonperforating corneal defects. This technique provides poorer results when the cornea was perforated prior to surgery or during the surgical procedure.