超高产冬小麦四种微量元素的积累及其与产量性状的关系

为了明确超高产冬小麦锰、锌、铜、硼的吸收积累特点及与产量相关性状的关系,于2005-2006年冬小麦成熟期测定了不同小麦品种产量相关性状及植株和籽粒中锰、锌、铜、硼的含量与积累量。结果表明,成熟期不同冬小麦品种植株和籽粒中4种元素的含量和积累量存在不同程度的差异,但都表现为锰>锌>铜>硼。植株锰积累量与穗粒数呈显著正相关,植株锰含量和积累量与单株成穗数呈显著负相关。植株和籽粒锌含量和积累量与每穗小穗数、结实小穗数和穗粒数呈正相关,与不孕小穗数呈负相关,但相关均未达到显著水平。植株铜含量与每穗小穂数、结实小穗数、穗粒数和产量均为正相关,且相关达到显著或极显著水平。植株铜积累量与总小穗数、结实小穗数呈显著正相关,与不孕小穗数呈显著负相关。植株硼积累量与产量达到显著正相关水平。综合分析可知,4种微量元素在增加产量和优化产量构成因素中起着不同的作用,在小麦生产中应针对具体的限制因素确定不同微量元素肥料的施用技术。     

Absorption,Accumulation and Distribution of Zinc in Highly-Yielding Winter Wheat

Zinc（Zn） is an important essential microelement for wheat.In order to study the characteristics of Zn absorption,accumulation and distribution in highly-yielding winter wheat（with a grain yield of 9 000 kg ha-1）,field experiments were conducted in Gaocheng County of Hebei Province,China.Four winter wheat cultivars,i.e.,Shimai 14,Jifeng 703,Shimai 12,and Shixin 828,and four cultivars,i.e.,Temai 1,Shimai 12,Shixin 531,and Shixin 828,were used in the experiment,during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006,respectively.Plant samples were taken from the plots at each growing stage for Zn concentration analysis.The main results showed that the concentration of Zn in various above-ground organs of wheat was 9.5-112.5 mg kg-1 at different growing stages.The organ with the highest Zn concentration differed with the change of growth center at different growing stages.Accumulation of Zn in leaf blades was the highest among all the organs during early growing period,and more than 50% of the Zn accumulation was distributed to leaf blades before jointing,and higher than that to other organs.In late growing period,however,the accumulation of Zn in grains was the highest,and 58.1% of the Zn accumulation was distributed in grains at maturity.The total accumulation of Zn in wheat plant during its life span ranged from 384.9 to 475.9 g ha-1.The amount of Zn required for the formation of 100 kg grain yield ranged from 4.3 to 5.2 g.All the organs were ordered in such a sequence that leaf blades 〉 spikes 〉 leaf sheaths 〉 stems according to their net absorption and transportation of Zn as well as their contribution to Zn accumulation in grains.58.2-60.3% of the Zn accumulated in grains was redistributed from other organs,mostly from leaf blades.Concentration and accumulation of Zn in all the organs of wheat was high during early and middle growing periods,while accumulation of Zn in grains during late growing period mainly depended on the redistribution from other organs.According to these characteristics of Zn absorption and accumulation,Zn should be applied as seed dressing or basal fertilizer,so as to accelerate the early growth and Zn absorption of wheat.