Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草监测与防治

草原是内蒙古地区草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展的基础,同时也是优质牧草的主要来源。有毒有害牧草生长扩散预示着草场退化,对当地草食畜牧养殖产业健康发展会造成毁灭性打击。有毒有害植物生长发育,不仅会危害牲畜健康且还会严重消耗土壤的水分和养分,妨碍优良牧草繁殖生长,使草场产量和质量显著下降。在长时间草场利用过程中,很多农牧民群众只注重索取,不注重生态环境保护,使草场生产能力和抵抗能力逐渐变差,给有毒有害牧草繁殖生长提供了条件。因此需要加强寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的监测,并采取针对性措施进行防控,降低发病率。该文主要探讨内蒙古呼伦贝尔市寒冷地区草原有毒有害牧草的种类,并提出相应的防治措施。     

滑县花生新黑地蛛蚧的发生与防治技术

花生新黑地蛛蚧是近年来滑县花生田新发现的一种地下害虫,对花生造成危害,影响花生的 品质和产量。本文主要介绍新黑地蛛蚧的形态特征、发生规律、生活习性、为害症状及防治措施。     

动物饲料中有害微生物的快速检测方法

饲料中有害微生物病原体的污染影响着饲料全球化自由贸易的发展和动物食品的安全,并成为关注的焦点。主要介绍了饲料中有害微生物的危害及其快速检测方法,为了更好地控制饲料生产和销售全过程的安全,从饲料生产的源头控制有害微生物对动物的危害,进而减少有害微生物通过动物进入人的食物链。     

CO2浓度升高对农作物品质影响的研究进展

农作物品质受农作物遗传发育特征和环境因素的双重影响。在相似的遗传背景条件下,CO2浓度持续升高影响农作物中碳水化合物合成、有益和有害元素吸收的权重逐渐加大,从而引发所谓的“隐形饥饿”和农产品卫生品质下降。本文在回顾国内外有关CO2浓度升高影响农作物中碳水化和物合成、有益和有害成分吸收研究的基础上,结合本团队近年的研究结果,提出：随着产地环境污染由局部向整体扩延,CO2浓度持续升高对农作物卫生品质的潜在影响不断加剧,包括增加或减少农作物对有毒有害物质的吸收;强化农作物对土壤中有益或有害物质的非均衡吸收等。本文还对比了目前国内外CO2浓度升高对农作物品质影响研究的常用手段与方法,并对相关研究结果的差异进行了分析,着重指出这一研究方向今后工作的重点。     

食品有害微生物快速检验方法

食品有害微生物检验在食品卫生检验中具有十分重要的作用。综述食品有害微生物快速检验方法,涉及分子生物学技术、抗原抗体免疫检测技术、载体仪器技术、代谢学技术、生物传感器、色谱技术等方面内容,介绍各种检测方法的原理、应用、结果判断等,可为食品有害微生物的准确检测提供参考和指导。     

出口茶叶生产加工中有害微生物危害分析

阐述我国茶叶的对外贸易、茶叶的消费方式等,对各相关的茶叶有害微生物的危害和危害的程度进行了分析,从茶叶的各工艺过程分析茶叶中有害微生物的污染和危害,提出防治茶叶中有害微生物的措施。     

Review of Measurement Technologies for Air Pollutants at Livestock and Poultry Farms

With the intensification of livestock breeding, the air quality problem of livestock farms caused by high density breeding is becoming more and more serious. Animal husbandry has become one of the important sources of air pollutants in China. Air emitted from most intensive livestock houses contains a large amount of pollutants, including ammonia, sulfides, particulate matters (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only poses a big threat to animals and workers in livestock farms, but also spreads to the surrounding environment resulting in air pollution. Scientific and applicable air pollutants measuring methods are the basis of monitoring and controlling air pollution in livestock and poultry farms. In this article, the detection methods of livestock farming related hazardous gases (e.g., NH₃, H₂S), greenhouse gases, particulate matters and odor were summarized. The detection methods of hazardous gases in livestock houses mainly include chemical analysis, semiconductor gas sensor detection, spectroscopic methodology and mass spectrometry. The wet-chemical method is cheap and can detect gases sensitively and accurately, while it cannot detect gases in real time, and the process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The gas tube is cheap and easy to operate, but the deviation is great. Electrochemical sensor is of high sensitivity, moderate cost and can be used to detect gas concentration continuously, however, the devices are easy to age. Spectrum method and mass spectrometry can detect gas quickly and accurately, but it is not suitable for conventional air detection of productive livestock farming due to its high costs. In this paper, the detection methods of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH₄, CO₂) generated from animal intestinal fermentation and livestock environment were also summarized. It is hard to conclude an accurate detection of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry, because the concentrations of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry changes all the time (diurnal and seasonal) and are related to other factors including sampling points. No international common testing method and measurement standard are concluded till now, therefore, the research of greenhouse gases detection method and standard in animal husbandry should be carried out as soon as possible. The detection methods of particulate matters (PM) in livestock farms were reviewed from three aspects: physical, chemical and biological characteristics. PM contains complex components in livestock farms, therefore, it is highly needed to improve PM detection technology. Besides, the component analysis and sensory analysis of odorous substances in livestock farms were overviewed. The odor analysis of professional olfactory discernment personnel owns stronger subjectivity and costs higher than gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. While, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is unable to determine all gaseous organic compounds with one sample. Combining gas chromatography and dynamic olfactometer can be more efficient for comprehensive analysis of odor samples. In this article, detection methods and techniques of air pollutants in animal husbandry were comprehensively reviewed to provide a reference for the development of air pollutants detection technologies in livestock and poultry breeding in China.     

我国林业外来有害生物的入侵与防范措施

主要是对当前我国外来有害生物的入侵并蔓延原因进行分析,并提出对外来有害生物的防范措施。     

卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的色谱分析法研究进展

近年来卷烟烟气中有害成分的分析方法研究已成为热点问题。本文结合色谱法具有高分辨效力、高分析效率、高灵敏度、操作简便和应用广泛的特点，以及卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的特性，有针对性的按照色谱法对2000年以来卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的分析方法进行归纳总结，分析国内外卷烟烟气中主要有害成分的分析方法优缺点，为从事卷烟烟气有害成分分析的工作者提供技术参考。