功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。     

干尖线虫病对不同水稻品种（系）产量相关性状的影响

[目的]该研究旨在了解干尖线虫病对不同水稻品种的影响。[方法]通过田间表型观察与室内考种试验,对自然发病状态下的4个常规粳稻品种（系）和粳稻恢复系 R161进行了观察和分析。[结果]不同水稻品种（系）被侵染后的症状存在差异,常规粳稻宁1707、宁1818、镇稻88和南粳9108被侵染后表现"干尖"和"小穗头"症状,粳稻恢复系R161只表现"干尖",不表现"小穗头"症状,且"干尖"的位置不同,分别位于剑叶叶尖,整片剑叶及倒二叶。供试材料被水稻干尖线虫侵染后均能抽穗,但是株高、穗长、结实率和千粒重均受到不同程度的影响。此外,R161被干尖线虫侵染后,不同发病部位对水稻产量的影响不同,整片剑叶干枯扭曲的稻穗受影响最大。[结论]该研究为进一步阐明我国水稻干尖线虫病的危害规律和制定相应的防治措施提供依据。     

空气温湿度对水稻灌浆及空壳率的影响研究

对1996—2005年10个年份的晚稻孕穗至成熟期的空气温度与相对湿度对水稻空壳率和灌浆影响进行了研究，结果表明：相对湿度对水稻的灌浆速度没有显著影响；灌浆期气温的升高对水稻灌浆速度的增加有显著影响；日最高温度大于或等于30℃的天数对水稻秕粒率的影响是不显著的；但孕穗期至抽穗开花期日最高温度大于或等于30℃的天数对水稻空壳率的影响是极显著的。最后对防御高温危害提出了建议。     

一株纤维降解菌的鉴定及其对酒糟固态发酵效果的研究

为鉴定本实验室前期筛选的一株纤维降解菌,并优化其发酵白酒糟的条件,通过16S rRNA序列分析并结合菌株形态和部分生理生化方法进行菌株鉴定,随后利用该菌进行白酒糟发酵试验.首先采用单因素试验设计,然后根据发酵后白酒糟营养成分变化,确定用于正交试验的各因素水平,在此基础上进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计确定最适发酵条件,最...     

寒地水稻品种子粒灌浆特性差异及其对结实率的影响

用 L ogistic生长方程 W =K/ (1+ ae-bt)对寒地水稻品种 (系 )强、弱势子粒灌浆过程进行了分析 ,并依配得的 L ogistic方程导出了若干个子粒灌浆特性参数。结果表明 ,强势粒的起始灌浆量、最大灌浆强度高于弱势粒 ,有效灌浆期比弱势粒短 ,最大灌浆速率出现时间和最大灌浆速率期早于弱势粒。强、弱势粒各项灌浆参数均存在品种间差异。相关分析表明 ,强势粒和弱势粒的最大灌浆速率出现时间早、最大灌浆速率期早、平均灌浆强度高 ,弱势粒起始灌浆量大、最大灌浆速率高 ,强弱势粒同步灌浆性强 ;结实率高 ,寒地超高产水稻品种应适当提早抽穗期 ,从而提早弱势粒最大灌浆速率期 ,保证较高结实率水平     

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.     

小麦开花后籽粒多组分营养物质积累动态分析

为探究小麦开花后籽粒中多组分营养物质积累的动态规律及其相互间的关系,本研究以六倍体栽培小麦中国春和贵紫1号为材料,对开花后10、15、20、25、30、35、40d的籽粒总类黄酮、总酚、植酸、无机磷、总淀粉、氨基和可溶性蛋白质含量及单粒重进行了动态测定及单因素方差(One-Way ANOVA)、相关性网络(Correlation-based network analysis,CAN)和斯皮尔曼秩相关(Spearmanp’s Rho Correlation)等分析。结果表明,在籽粒发育过程中,氨基、可溶性蛋白质以及无机磷含量逐渐降低,淀粉含量升高后逐渐趋于稳定,总酚含量先降低后升高,总类黄酮含量及单粒重先升高后降低。2个小麦品种籽粒中各营养物质含量及单粒重的动态变化趋势相似,但各营养物质含量的高低及其差异显著性却各有不同。不同阶段的单粒重与对应阶段营养物质的含量存在不同程度的相关性,即使是同一种营养物质,在籽粒发育的不同阶段与单粒重的相关性也不尽相同。     

Whole wheat bread: Effect of bran fractions on dough and end-product quality

Consumption of whole-wheat based products is encouraged due to their important nutritional elements that benefit human health. However, the use of whole-wheat flour is limited because of the poor processing and end-product quality. Bran was postulated as the major problem in whole wheat breadmaking. In this study, four major bran components including lipids, extractable phenolics (EP), hydrolysable phenolics (HP), and fiber were evaluated for their specific functionality in flour, dough and bread baking. The experiment was done by reconstitution approach using the 2⁴ factorial experimental layout. Fiber was identified as a main component to have highly significant (P < 0.05) and negative influence on most breadmaking characteristics. Although HP had positive effect on farinograph stability, it was identified as another main factor that negatively impacted the oven spring and bread loaf volume. Bran oil and EP seemed to be detrimental to most breadmaking characteristics. Overall, statistical analysis indicates that influence of the four bran components are highly complex. The bran components demonstrate multi-way interactions in regards to their influence on dough and bread-making characteristics. Particularly, Fiber appeared to have a high degree of interaction with other bran components and notably influenced the functionality of those components in whole wheat bread-making.     

苹果连作土壤加入酒糟可减轻连作障碍

在盆栽条件下,研究了啤酒糟和白酒糟对连作平邑甜茶幼苗生长及其连作土壤中微生物的影响。结果表明,连作土壤添加酒糟可显著提高平邑甜茶幼苗株高、干样质量、鲜样质量等生物量指标。添加酒糟后土壤中细菌、真菌数量与连作土对照相比也有明显提升。通过聚类分析、主成成分分析和多样性分析发现,加入酒糟后土壤中微生物群落结构发生明显变化,且不同酒糟类型和不同酒糟处理方式造成微生物的群落结构不同;由于酒糟自身携带及灭菌酒糟在土壤中滋生的微生物,促使土壤中优势种群的出现,改变了土壤中微生物群落的多样性指数和丰富度指数。对土壤中的层出镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行实时荧光定量分析显示,与连作土壤对照中的层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数相比,啤酒糟、白酒糟、灭菌啤酒糟和灭菌白酒糟处理分别降低了39.1%、58.1%、20.9%和39.2%,酒糟灭菌后减弱了对有害菌层出镰孢菌的抑制作用。综上,苹果连作土壤中加入酒糟后,改变了土壤中微生物的群落结构,降低了有害真菌的数量,减轻了苹果连作障碍现象,其中白酒糟效果更好。     

基于扩散理论的华北春玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水过程分析

玉米机收籽粒可以显著提高玉米的生产效率,是玉米生产的发展方向。生理成熟后的籽粒含水率是决定机收质量的关键,受品种、密度和气候等多种因素影响。准确估算生理成熟后玉米籽粒含水率,进而分析其主要影响因素,最终确定玉米收获时间和筛选适宜机收的品种,对玉米主产区华北的春玉米籽粒机收发展具有重要意义。因此,于2017年和2018年在河北省泊头、南大港、玉田和山西榆次进行了两年田间春玉米试验,每年设置7个共性品种,每个品种3个密度,对生理成熟后籽粒含水率、品种性状、气象和管理要素进行了监测,并利用基于扩散理论考虑空气温湿度的脱水模型对籽粒含水率进行了模拟,进而计算脱水曲线下的面积(AUDDC),用以筛选脱水优异的玉米品种。结果表明,基于扩散理论的籽粒脱水模型对玉米生理成熟后籽粒含水率的模拟效果较好;年份、地点和品种对生理成熟时籽粒含水率(M_0)和水分扩散速率(k)具有显著影响,密度对脱水参数影响不显著。逐步线性回归分析得到灌浆期参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET_0)、最高气温和灌水量对M_0具有显著的正效应,生理成熟后30 d内ET0和灌浆中后期降雨对k具有显著的正效应,全生育期降雨对k具有显著的负效应。品种性状中对M_0影响最大的为苞叶层数(正效应),对k影响最大的为叶片数(负效应)。通过模型计算得到,生理成熟后10d华北地区春玉米籽粒含水率可以下降到28%,籽粒含水率下降到25%的概率为50%。由模型计算得到各品种生理成熟后10 d内的AUDDC,与AUDDC平均值比较发现‘京农科728’‘张1453’‘华农887’‘广德5’和‘金科玉3306’为脱水表现优异的品种。