大豆高产理想株型的构成

根据大豆理想株型的概念，分析了大豆的主要生理性状和形态性状与产量的关系，并提出了大豆高产理想株型的合理构成，以期为大豆育种的田间选择和株型育种提供理论依据和实践指导。     

离子选择电极法测定NBPG与银、镉、汞的配合物组成和稳定常数

本文用离子选择电极法测定了N,N—二甲基膦酸基甘氨酸(NBPG)与银、镉、汞的配合物组成和稳定常数。结果表明,NBPG与Ag~ 、Cd~(2 )、Hg~(2 )均生成组成为1:1的多齿质子型配合物。其lgK_稳值分别为:AgL5.28、CdH_3L3.63、CdH_2L5.16、CdHL7.30、CdL11.56、HgH_3L6.06、HgH_2L7.55、HgHL8.24、HgL12.58。     

旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

春大豆抗大豆花叶病毒病鉴定初报

1990年和1991年对127个已定型的春大豆株系的抗大豆花叶病毒病的抗性及产量进行了测定.其中高抗材料有51个,中抗材料19个.在高抗材料中,有7个株系比对照增产10%以上,是很有希望的新品系,有15个材料病指在1.0以下,但产量表现不突出,可作为抗源材料,根据不同地区同一品种抗性差异较大这一结果,抗性自然鉴定圃宜设在大豆病毒病重病区.     

外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对香蕉幼苗抗冷性的影响,结果表明,外源甜菜碱能提高香蕉幼苗叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量,减少O2·-的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASP)的活性,维持质膜的稳定性,从而有效地提高香蕉幼苗的抗冷能力,其中以甜菜碱10.0 mmol/L的保护效果最好.     

甘氨酸锌在动物生产中的应用研究

锌是动物体内的必需微量元素之一,在动物生长发育和健康方面起着关键作用.甘氨酸锌作为有机微量元素具有生物利用率高、减排环保等优势.综述了甘氨酸锌对动物的生长性能、繁殖性能、免疫能力及肠道健康的影响,探讨了动物对甘氨酸锌的需要量,旨在为动物生产中科学利用甘氨酸锌改善动物健康,促进动物生长提供理论依据.     

紫花苜蓿甘氨酸脱羧酶H-蛋白基因MsGDC-H1功能分析

光呼吸通过清除2-磷酸乙醇酸（2-PG）使氧合光合作用成为可能,该过程对C3植物至关重要。H-蛋白是光呼吸过程中将甘氨酸转化为丝氨酸的甘氨酸脱羧酶（GDC）的关键组成蛋白之一。本研究克隆了紫花苜蓿MsGDCH1,该基因编码166个氨基酸,具有1个硫辛酰基附着位点保守结构域和1个N6-硫辛酰赖氨酸保守位点。进化分析表明,MsGDC-H1蛋白与双子叶植物的甘氨酸脱羧酶H-蛋白（GDC-H）亲缘关系近。表达模式分析表明,MsGDC-H1在苜蓿叶中表达丰度高,且受光诱导。为了探究MsGDC-H1基因对拟南芥生长的影响,分别使用光诱导的茎叶特异性启动子ST-LS1和组成型启动子CaMV 35S驱动MsGDC-H1(ST-LS1::MsGDC-H1;CaMV35S::MsGDC-H1)在拟南芥中异源表达。检测过表达植株生物量、淀粉、可溶性糖含量以及光合速率。数据分析显示,CaMV 35S::MsGDC-H1过表达拟南芥（G系列植株）生长受阻,淀粉含量比ST-LS1::MsGDC-H1特异性表达拟南芥（GS系列植株）增加了34%～67%,比野生型（WT）增加了7。3%～33。7%;可溶性糖含量比GS...     

Inter‐specific variability in organic nitrogen uptake of three temperate grassland species

We tested the inter‐specific variability in the ability of three dominant grasses of temperate grasslands to take up organic nitrogen (N) in the form of amino acids in soils of differing fertility. Amino acid uptake was determined by injecting dual labeled glycine‐2‐¹³C‐¹⁵N into the soil, and then measuring the enrichment of both ¹³C and ¹⁵N in plant tissue after 50 hours. We found enrichment of both ¹³C and ¹⁵N in root and shoot material of all species in both soils, providing first evidence for direct uptake of glycine. We show that there was considerable inter‐specific variability in amino acid uptake in the low fertility soil. Here, direct uptake of amino acid was greater in the grass Agrostis capillaris, which typically dominates low fertility grassland, than Lolium perenne, which inhabits more fertile sites. Direct uptake of amino acid for Holcus lanatus. was intermediate between the above two species. Unlike in the low fertility soil, there was no difference in uptake of either ¹³C or ¹⁵N by grasses in the high fertility soil, where uptake of mineral N is thought to be the major mechanism of N uptake of these grasses. Overall, our findings may contribute to our understanding of differences in competitive interactions between grasses in soils of different fertility status.     

3种外源植物生长调节剂对干旱胁迫下烟草生理的影响

以K326品种烤烟为试验材料,采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫下烤烟生长与生理状况,以及喷施水杨酸、甜菜碱和氯化胆碱对烤烟抗氧化代谢影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制烤烟正常生长,烟株矮小,有效叶片数目少,茎干瘦弱,叶长变短及叶宽变窄。喷施植物生长调节剂可以缓解干旱胁迫症状,喷施氯化胆碱能有效增加株高、最大叶长、有效叶片数,提高烟株干重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶酶(SOD)活性;喷施甜菜碱对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有较好调节效应;喷施水杨酸能显著提高过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高烤烟茎围和最大叶宽。综上所述,植物生长调节剂能提高烟株耐旱性,增强烟株对干旱环境适应性,其中以喷施氯化胆碱效果最佳。