Acoustic evaluation of the vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in Lake Biwa

SUMMARY: The vertical distribution of dwarf ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in the pelagic waters of Lake Biwa was evaluated from June to September in 1995–97 from eight acoustic surveys using a quantitative echosounder. In each survey, echoes from a depth range of 3 m to the sea bottom were collected at a station every 2.7 s for 24 h together with measurements of vertical profiles of water temperature and chlorophyll-a. The ayu's echoes were identified using an underwater video camera. The ayu were observed near the maximum chlorophyll-a depth and above the thermocline. Their density was highest at depths of 4–11 m with 2–4 individuals/m ³ and was almost zero below 20 m. Echo signs were recorded as having a frequent duration of more than 1 h at night, whereas were of a shorter duration in the day. The fish stay in the epilimnion during the day without any clear vertical migration, but are distributed more uniformly at night. The advantages of remaining in the epilimnion are discussed in terms of food availability and predator avoidance.     

运用模糊数学和灰色系统理论分析评价夏播花生区试品种

运用模糊数学和灰色系统理论，对2007年河南省夏播花生区试品种进行了多因素综合评价和分析，结果表明：周花4号评价指标是0．7089，综合表现最优；其次是W9847—1—3—4—1，其综合评价指标是0．6352；豫花6号评价指标是0．3630，综合表现最差。此结果与试验地实际表现基本相一致。     

祁连山水源涵养林综合效能的计量研究

以马克思级差地租理论,建立了祁连山水源涵养林综合效能的评价模型:E=E_d+E_e+E_s;以E与生产投资I的比值为计量水源林的效能指数T,T=E/I。并以祁连山寺大隆森林生态定位研究站实测资料和社会调查数据为计量评价参数,确定其经济评价指标体系和计量系统。结果表明:祁连山水源涵养林综合效能指标为11.93;其中生态效能和社会效能分别是直接经济效能的4.51倍和6.05倍。说明祁连山水源涵养林现行的保护、发展和综合利用的经营方针是正确的。建议河西各受益部门应按水资源效能总收入的0.5％缴作水源林再生产费,以确保国民经济建设的长远发展。     

Effect of mate selection on fuzzy selective mating criteria in closed dairy multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus programs

In order to control rates of response and inbreeding, mate selection using fuzzy selective mating criteria (FMC) was investigated in adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. Stochastic simulation was used to model the closed nucleus scheme. This mate selection was examined in four alternative mating and male selection schemes: (i) a hierarchical scheme; (ii) a hierarchical sibship scheme (two males per sibship); (iii) a factorial scheme (two sires per dam); and (iv) a factorial sibship scheme (two males per sibship and two sires per dam). Genetic response and inbreeding rate tended to be reduced by increasing the trade-off parameter of FMC between the expected breeding value and inbreeding of progeny. Inbreeding rates in all schemes were reduced by reducing the variance of family size through selection and the average coancestry of mating pairs through mate allocation.     

亚麻细菌病发生及防治技术研究

从亚麻细菌病的发生、发展、危害及病原茵特性到病害综合防治，进行了系统研究，明确了该病的发生与品种抗性、耕作栽培等诸方面的关系，为病害防治提供了理论依据；明确了种子带茵是该病害主要侵染源和传播途径，同时建立综合防病体系。     

中国李种质资源研究进展

从李种质资源收集、不同栽培种起源关系、中国李不同栽培品种群间的演化关系以及资源鉴定评价等方面对近几十年来国内的研究工作进行了回顾,并针对李种质资源研究存在的问题提出了建议,以期为中国李种质资源评价、创新与利用提供科学依据。     

基于极大熵原理的水资源承载力模糊评价

区域水资源承载力是近些年来水科学领域研究的热点问题,根据信息论中Jaynes最大信息熵原理,提出了一种水资源承载力模糊评价模型,并将其应用到河南省水资源承载力评价中,结果表明,河南省绝大多数地区水资源承载力较低,水资源的开发利用应以可持续发展为基础,采用节约用水,加强管理等措施。     

迭部旅游资源定量评价与可持续发展研究

迭部以其优美的自然生态和灿烂的历史文化成为甘肃省旅游的新亮点。旅游资源的合理开发利用是决定旅游地可持续发展的关键因素,所以在开发利用前进行旅游资源评价就显得尤为重要。本文采用模糊评判方法对迭部各景区旅游资源进行综合评价,得出各景区旅游资源综合评价结果,并对此进行分析和论证,指出当前旅游地发展的优势与劣势。最后,就旅游地的可持续发展问题笔者提出几点对策。     

包头市城市环境与经济协调发展分析与评价

运用层次分析法从综合环境效益和综合经济效益两个方面构建指标体系,建立研究模型,定性与定量相结合,从包头市城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面,确定包头市环境与经济协调发展的类型,对2001年-2005年以来包头市的城市环境与经济协调发展状况进行了分析与评价。     

单纯性肥胖儿童综合干预及健康教育模式探讨

目的对单纯性肥胖儿童进行综合干预,探讨"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,达到对单纯性肥胖儿童的有效控制和良好的健康教育。方法肥胖组采用:(1)干预问卷调查设计方案;(2)对肥胖组儿童的干预;(3)学校与社区对肥胖儿童的发展关注与否的调查与干预;(4)家长对儿童养育观念的影响;(5)测定干预前后的两组生化检测指标(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿酸、血糖);对照组:在未做任何干预的情况下对本组儿童进行相应的问卷调查与生化检测。结果经干预后肥胖儿童吃饭速度快、常吃油炸食品者比干预前明显减少,每天户外活动超过2h和有吃早餐良好习惯者则比干预前明显增多(P<0.01或0.05);肥胖组干预前的总能量、脂肪、总胆固醇和血尿酸均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),干预后肥胖组的能量摄入明显下降(P<0.05),脂肪的摄入及总胆固醇和血尿酸也有所下降,但差异尚未达统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后肥胖组儿童家长对孩子的养育观念更科学、养育方式更为合理。结论实施"医院-学校-社区-家庭四位一体"的健康教育模式,制定综合干预措施,有效降低了单纯肥胖儿童的发生率,对减少肥胖所致的并发症具有重要的临床意义。