Engineered cross‐reacting nanobodies simplify comparative oncology between humans and dogs

Antibodies cross‐reacting with homologue antigens in different species would be essential reagents for the development of comparative oncology studies. In comparison with conventional immunoglobulin Gs, recombinant nanobodies (single‐domain variable regions of heavy‐chain only antibodies of Camelidae origin) can be easily isolated in vitro and engineered into a variety of reagents with optimized characteristics for different research and clinical applications. We recovered an anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti‐HER2) nanobody from a naïve llama library by direct panning on whole cells and expressed it fused to Fc and green fluorescent protein. These immunoreagents were assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence with both human and canine cells overexpressing HER2 and its canine homologue dog epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The reported data illustrate the potential of using this class of antibodies in comparative oncology and suggest some development perspectives enabled by in vitro panning of pre‐immune nanobody libraries.     

Rice Bran Oil: Emerging Trends in Extraction,Health Benefit,and Its Industrial Application

Rice bran oil(RBO) is unique among edible vegetable oils because of its unique fatty acid composition, phenolic compound(γ-oryzanol, ferulic acid) and vitamin E(tocopherol and tocotrienol). It has become a great choice of cooking oil because of its very high burning point, neutral taste and delicate flavour. Non-conventional methods of RBO extraction are more efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional extraction methods. Advances in RBO extraction using innovative extraction strategies like super/sub-critical CO_2, microwave-assisted, subcritical H_2 O, enzyme-assisted aqueous and ultrasoundassisted aqueous extraction methods have proven to significantly improve the yields along with improved nutritional profile of RBO. The compositions and strategies for stabilization of RBO are well discussed. The constituents are present in the RBO contribute to antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anti-cancerous properties to RBO. This has helped RBO to become an important substrate for the application in food(cooking oil, milk product and meat product) and non-food industries(polymer, lubricant, biofuel, structural lipid and cosmetic). This review provided comprehensive information on RBO extraction methods, oil stabilization, existing applications and health benefits.     

纳米二氧化硅表面功能化及其表征

采用自由基聚合接枝法,用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(glycidyl methacrylate,GMA)表面处理纳米二氧化硅,在其表面引入反应性环氧基团,对影响接枝反应的各种因素,包括单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度和反应时间等进行了研究.结果表明,通过控制单体浓度可有效调控纳米二氧化硅的接枝率.采用红外(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)等对改性纳米二氧化硅进行了表征.     

多壁碳纳米管侧壁的功能化与表征

利用丁二酸酰基过氧化物分解产生的羧酸自由基与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行自由基加成反应,对其侧壁实现羧酸化,并依次对其进行酰氯化、胺化处理,获得侧壁酰胺化的MWCNTs.采用FT-IR,Raman以及UV-Vis光谱对其进行了表征.结果表明:碳管表面接枝上了羧酸基团,且数量较纯化后的碳管有较大幅度的增加,表征其结构缺陷的I(D 2D)/IG比值增加了0.2,同时酰胺化的MWCNTs紫外可见光谱在320 nm处出现了—CONH—键的π→π*跃迁的吸收峰.     

混杂功能化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）分别进行共价、非共价和混杂功能化改性,然后采用溶液共混法,将三种功能化类型的MWCNTs按不同质量分数分别加入环氧树脂（EP）制备MWCNTs/EP复合材料。通过拉伸试验和热重分析,研究MWCNTs的功能化类型及含量对复合材料力学性能和热学性能的影响,并对复合材料拉伸试件断面进行SEM观察分析。结果表明：与共价功能化复合材料（MWCNTs-Epon828/EP）和非共价功能化复合材料（MWCNTs-PPA/EP）相比,混杂功能化复合材料（MWCNTs-Epon828-PPA/EP）的力学性能和热学性能最佳。当MWCNTs质量分数为0.3%时,其拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率较纯EP分别提高30%,62%和26%。     

碳纳米管作为药物载体的研究进展

纳米科技在医学及药学领域的应用在飞速发展。基于纳米粒子的药物传递系统能改善药物的药效及毒性。作为目前最先进的纳米粒子之一,碳纳米管是一种管状材料。因具有极大的表面积,碳纳米管能与其他分子发生非共价或共价结合而被功能化修饰。与普通碳纳米管相比,功能化修饰后的碳纳米管具有更低的毒性、更好的生物相容性以及更好的水溶性,因而受到越来越多药剂学研究人员的关注。本文对碳纳米管的功能化修饰及其做为药物载体的应用进行了简要综述。     

木质碳纤维材料的活化与功能化

为探讨用木质生物质替代石油等化石资源，制备新型功能化活性碳纤维材料，系统归纳了木质碳纤维在以下几方面的研究现状与发展趋势:1）以木质生物质为原料，通过固化、炭化，物理、化学活化处理，制备活性木材液化物碳纤维；2）通过孔隙调整、表面改性和离子化处理，对活性木材液化物碳纤维进行功能化处理；3）活性、功能化处理对木质碳纤维的晶体结构、表面含氧基团结构、孔隙结构和表面形态结构、物理性能和吸附性能、环保和抗菌功能的影响。并在此基础上，提出了今后一段时期内木质碳纤维的活化、功能化研究存在的科学问题与思考。      

碳纳米管作为载体在生物医学中的研究进展

随着人们对纳米技术的深入探索,各种纳米材料被广泛应用于生物医学领域中.其中碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)具有体积小、比表面积高等独特的物理化学性质,能够吸附或偶联生物大分子或药物,并可穿透细胞膜,有效跨越生物屏障,发挥了其作为载体的特性,在蛋白质、基因和药物传递方面具有广阔的应用前景,受到越来越...