贮藏中福桔果皮细胞结构的显微观察及果实理化成分测定

贮藏期间福桔果皮细胞始终具有分裂增殖能力,细胞生长的养分主要通过维管束向果肉吸取,因而促进果肉衰老,形成枯水.枯水果实在贮藏早期就发现果皮细胞层和油腔分泌细胞无丝分裂旺盛,双核细胞多,果皮增厚多.严重枯水时,果皮细胞还具细胞核、线粒体、有色体等超微结构,未枯水果实细胞分裂少见.经预贮后贮藏的果实,由于中断了果皮组织与维管束的联系,果皮细胞生长受抑制,果肉水分、养分消耗少,枯水率最低,     

利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究

以桃、杏、李、樱桃、杏梅等果树的 1 4个品种为亲本 ,3年来共进行了 80余个组合的远缘杂交试验 ,探讨了核果类果树远缘杂交的亲和性 ,并对远缘杂种幼胚进行了胚抢救。结果表明 ,铃铛花期授粉的坐果率显著高于初花期授粉 ;同一杂交组合 ,正反交坐果率差异显著 ,母本对远缘杂交亲和性影响很大 ,选择自交亲和或自然坐果率高的种或品种做母本容易克服远缘杂交的不亲和性 ;适宜场强的静电场、He -Ne激光处理及60 Coγ射线与He -Ne激光联合处理花粉 ,均能显著提高花粉离体萌芽率 ,用上述处理的花粉进行的远缘杂交坐果率也明显高于对照 ;60 Coγ射线单独处理则降低了花粉离体萌芽率 ,远缘杂交的坐果率也低于对照 ;对远缘杂种幼胚及时地进行胚抢救 ,并诱导形成多丛芽 ,是克服核果类果树远缘杂种不育性的有效方法。研究并筛选出了李、樱桃胚萌发与生长、多丛芽诱导与增殖以及生根培养等最佳培养基配方。目前已将欧洲甜樱桃×中国樱桃、大石早生李×泰安巴旦水杏及凯特杏×总统李等一批核果类果树远缘杂种定植于露地 ,其中欧洲甜樱桃与中国樱桃的种间杂种是国内外首次获得     

‘越心’草莓组培突变体着色差异的分子机理初探

初步探讨了在‘越心’草莓(Fragaria×ananassa‘Yuexin’)茎尖离体培养再生植株中发现的稳定变异突变体着色差异的分子机理。分析结果显示,突变体与‘越心’在植株形态、始花期、始果期、始熟期、单果质量、平均株产、果形、风味等方面均无明显差异;而突变体外果皮色泽较淡,L*值较高,a*值较低,H色度角值较大,颜色指数CIRG显著小,且果肉不着色(‘越心’果肉红色)。突变体果实总花青苷含量为‘越心’的13.2%,其中以天竺葵素–3–O–葡萄糖苷(Pg3G)含量差异最大,突变体Pg3G含量仅为‘越心’的12.9%。花青苷合成途径结构基因FaF3H、FaCHS、FaDFR、FaANS、FaCHI、Fa3GT的表达水平在突变体中显著降低,这可能是突变体成熟果实花青苷水平显著低于‘越心’的直接原因。FaMYB10和FaMYB1在突变体中的表达水平显著下降,且FaMYB10在几个主成分中的特征向量绝对值均显著较高,进一步证实了MYB10是草莓成熟过程中花青苷合成的类黄酮或苯丙烷类化合物途径主要调节因子之一。提取叶片基因组DNA进行基于KASP标记的基因分型结果显示,74对KASP引物在‘...     

番茄裂果机理及防治措施

从番茄裂果的遗传因素、生理特性、环境条件、栽培措施等方面分析了番茄裂果发生的原因,并提出了相应的防治措施.     

诱变选育西瓜染色体易位系的步骤及其杂交1代少籽组合的选配

用60Coγ射线辐照干种子诱变培育西瓜染色体易位系,并用其进行选配少籽杂交子1代研究,对克服三倍体无籽西瓜种子发芽率低、成苗率低、制种成本高、育苗技术较复杂的缺陷具有重要的意义;易位系杂交子1代西瓜保持了二倍体杂交1代的优良特性,减少了单瓜籽粒数,提高了果实可溶性固形物含量,从而提高了西瓜品质和商品价值。详细介绍了诱变选育西瓜易位系的步骤和技术、易位系的特征特性和优良的西瓜染色体易位杂交1代组合,并针对选育的科丰黑美人、红牡丹等易位系杂交1代分析阐述了染色体易位系杂交一代的优点和应用前景。     

果蔗脱毒种苗组培快繁技术研究

采用不同浓度的6-BA对果蔗进行了茎尖分生组织的诱导和幼芽增殖试验研究,利用不同状态的培养基对增殖芽进行了培养。结果表明,当6-BA浓度为4-5mg／L时,比较适宜于果蔗茎尖分生组织的诱导。在幼芽增殖前期．6-BA的浓度采用2-3mg／L;在将进入生根阶段时,6-BA的浓度采用0．5-1．5mg／L,有利于获得粗壮的幼苗。果蔗幼芽在增殖阶段。适宜采用液体培养基,可降低成本。     

一种值得关注的火龙果腐烂病

火龙果腐烂病是一种对我国新兴的火龙果果业潜在风险较高的真菌病害。近年来,我国口岸多次从越南进口的火龙果鲜果中截获该病害。本文介绍了其病原真菌仙人掌平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris cactivora(Petrak)Alcorn)地理分布、寄主范围、经济危害性、症状及病原菌形态特征、形态学鉴定和分子检测方法 ;分析了病原菌的进入风险和定殖与扩散风险,提出了加强口岸植物检疫,严防病原菌传入及病害在国内发生扩散和蔓延等风险管理措施。     

Implications of on-farm research for local knowledge related to fruit flies and the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda in mango production

We interviewed half of the mango-growers in northern Benin, including 15 farmers involved in a regional fruit fly project, and held focus group discussions with women fruit-pickers. They were asked about pest management and their knowledge of a weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda. All considered low yields due to fruit flies to be the principal constraint upon mango production, estimating economic losses to be between 20 and 45%. None could recognize damage during the first 2 days after fruit fly egg deposition. On-farm research persuaded farmers to stop using insecticides and it also changed negative perceptions of Oecophylla. Over 80% of the farmers involved in on-farm research, compared to 25% of those not involved, reported Oecophylla to be beneficial. All fruit-pickers knew that ants protected mango from fruit flies, with 60% attributing better mango quality in terms of appearance, shelf-life and sweetness to the presence of Oecophylla. Nevertheless, 40% of the pickers still considered weaver ants a nuisance pest during harvest. Ways of reducing this nuisance need to be developed for Oecophylla to gain wider acceptance by mango-growers.     

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.     

应用光波技术诱捕桔小实蝇试验

桔小实蝇是一种危害水果和蔬菜作物的危险性有害生物。基于利用黄色色光光波趋性反应进行的桔小实蝇诱捕试验结果表明,处理后7 d效果最好的是黄粘胶板 橙汁(平均每纸27.9头),其次为黄粘胶板 甜酒糟(平均每纸17.6头)和黄粘胶板 番石榴汁(平均每纸14.2头)。说明通过应用光波诱捕技术,可应用于对实蝇的监测调查和对实蝇的防治。