通用开放式绘图仪接口软件设计与实现

本文针对TANGO软件所支持的图形输出设备中不包括CALCOMP系列绘图仪的问题,设计了TANGO图形文件与CALCOMP系列绘图的接口软件.由此阐述了一种通用图形描述语言及开放式绘图仪接口软件的设计思想与技术实现.     

春麦田除草剂的应用与杂草群落演替

作者采用定点定位试验,对春麦田除草剂应用与杂草群落演替趋势进行研究。结果表明:在杂草群落多样性麦田,小麦连作并分别连续5年施用同一种除草剂,原杂草群落中占优势的靶标杂草得以控制,而非靶标杂草和抗、耐药性杂草因失去竞争和制约对象而猖獗发展,发生量较原来增加几倍至几十倍,并形成优势种群,对小麦造成新的更严重的危害。一种除草剂在同田块连续施用4年,由于杂草群落演替,抗、耐药杂草兴起,除草效果显著下降而失去其使用意义。作者提出除草剂配套使用、轮用、混用等措施,并配合以合理的轮作制度,以减轻杂草群落长期受到单一的定向选择性压力。     

刈割间隔时间对苜蓿产量、品质及越冬率的影响

研究了不同刈割间隔时间对苜蓿产草量、品质及越冬率的影响。结果表明:刈割间隔时间对苜蓿产草量、品质及越冬率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。随刈割间隔时间增大,苜蓿产草量增加;粗蛋白含量显著下降(P<0.05),粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著(P<0.05)上升,导致干草品质下降;其中以间隔25 d越冬率最低,仅为83.33%,极显著(P<0.01)低于其它处理。综合考虑,试验地区及同类生态地区间隔35 d刈割可获得高产草量、高品质的苜蓿干草,而且越冬率高。     

Alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy caught by coastal fishery in relation to the Kuroshio meander in the Enshu-nada Sea

In the mid 1970s, the fishery catch of postlarval Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonica) in a shelf region of the Enshu‐nada Sea, off the central Pacific coast of Japan, started to decline corresponding to a rapid increase of postlarval sardine (Sardinops melanostictus). In late 1980s, sardine started to decline, and it was replaced by anchovy in the 1990s. This alternating dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy corresponded to the alternation in egg abundance of these two species in the spawning habitat of this sea. It was also noteworthy that during the period of sardine decline, sardine spawning occurred in April–May, a delay of two months compared with spawning in the late 1970s. The implication of oceanographic changes in the spawning habitat for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy eggs was explored using time‐series data obtained in 1975–1998, focusing on the effect of the Kuroshio meander. Large meanders of the Kuroshio may have enhanced the onshore intrusion of the warm water into the shelf region and contributed to an increase in temperature in the spawning habitat. This might favour sardine, because its egg abundance in the shelf region was more dependent on the temperature in early spring than was that of anchovy. In addition, enhanced onshore intrusion could contribute to transport of sardine larvae from upstream spawning grounds of the Kuroshio region. On the other hand, anchovy egg abundance was more closely related to lower transparency at the shelf edge, which may indicate the prevalence and prolonged residence of the coastal water, and therefore higher food availability, frequently accompanying non‐meandering Kuroshio. The expansion/shrinkage of the spawning habitat of sardine and anchovy in the shelf region, apparently responding to the change in the Kuroshio, possibly makes the alternation in dominance of postlarval sardine and anchovy most prominent in the Enshu‐nada Sea, in combination with changes in the abundance of spawning adults, which occurred almost simultaneously in the overall Kuroshio region. The implication of this rather regional feature for the alternating dominance of sardine and anchovy populations on a larger spatial scale is also discussed.     

华中地区水旱轮作酸性土磷、铁形态转化及机理

为探讨华中地区水旱轮作体系酸性土壤磷与铁的形态转化以及磷生物有效性变化,本研究于2018年和2019年水稻收获后采集该区域典型酸性红壤（低磷铁比）和黄棕壤（高磷铁比）,采用张守敬-杰克逊无机磷分级方法和梯度扩散薄膜（DGT）技术,对干湿交替培养样品磷形态、生物有效性磷（DGT-P）与铁（DGT-Fe）、Fe（Ⅱ）及无定形氧化铁（Fe_ox）等进行定量分析。结果表明：淹水过程中黄棕壤和红壤pH逐渐升高趋于中性;二者氧化还原电势（Eh）在淹水期间降低,土壤环境呈明显的还原条件。淹水过程黄棕壤和红壤中Fe²⁺与Fe_ox均增加,干燥后均明显降低。黄棕壤与红壤磷形态以铁结合态磷（Fe-P）与闭蓄态磷（Oc-P）为主,干湿交替过程中黄棕壤Oc-P向Fe-P转化,红壤Fe-P向Oc-P转化。在水-土界面以下120 mm土壤垂直剖面内,黄棕壤DGT-P和DGT-Fe释放水平先增加后减少;红壤DGT-Fe增加,DGT-P减少,黄棕壤P和Fe的同步释放相关性更显著。研究表明,干湿交替条件下酸性土壤磷形态主要是Fe-P与Oc-P之间转化,低P/Fe红壤以磷闭蓄化为主,高P/Fe黄棕壤Fe-P增加,以铁吸附磷为主;淹水导致DGT-P含量增加,生物有效性增加;干燥过程磷闭蓄化加深,但磷有效性并无明显降低,这与土壤磷水平有关。     

农业业态概念和新业态类型及其形成机制初探

"业态"概念肇始于零售业领域,逐渐拓展到其他产业领域。农业业态是指不同农产品(服务)、农业经营方式和农业经营组织形式通过组合所呈现的形态。农业新业态的内涵则是指具有可持续与稳定成长性,能达到一定规模的新型农业业态。从农业与其他产业融合的角度,可以把农业新业态归纳为农业与服务业交叉融合型新业态、农业子产业之间的整合融合型新业态、高新技术对农业渗透融合型新业态、综合融合型新业态等四大类型。市场需求、市场竞争、产业转型升级、产业链延伸和相关产业渗透、科技进步、农业政策等多种合力的共同作用是形成农业新业态的动力机制。     

基于OpenGL的LiDAR数据处理模块设计与实现

针对目前海量LiDAR数据处理涉及问题复杂、多数算法保密的问题,研究了基于OpenGL技术构建LiDAR数据处理模块的方法,并对模块构建过程中涉及的关键技术,包括LAS格式数据读取、基于OpenGL的LiDAR点云显示、改进的多级移动曲面拟合LIDAR数据滤波算法的实现进行了深入研究。为验证该模块处理LiDAR三维点云数据的正确性,利用该模块进行了LiDAR点云的二维显示、三维显示、滤波处理等。试验结果表明:本研究所开发的LiDAR数据处理模块能够快速、正确的显示和编辑LiDAR点云数据,且有高精度的LiDAR点云滤波结果。     

标准文献的CNMARC格式著录和标引

标准文献与普通图书相比有许多不同之处。主要介绍了我国标准文献的概况、特征、主要著录项目及信息源。用实例探讨了标准文献特有的CNMARC著录方法及标引。     

短轮伐期用材林可行性研究报告编制几点意见

文章叙述了短轮伐期用材林的概念、建设意义、编制内容、技术路线和分项说明。论述了短轮伐期用材林编制方法和技术要点。     

告地策的行文格式与相关问题

本文通过对秦代官府文书和汉代告地策的行文格式的对比,认为所谓告地策的行文程式,实际上是秦代官府文书的一种照搬。如果按照这种官府文书的行文程式来检讨那些被认为是告地策的材料,我们可以发现,真正的告地策都是出土于湖北江陵一带,而且一共也就5块而已。