Efficacy of Sarafloxacin in Broilers after Experimental Infection with Escherichia coli

Infections of chickens with Escherichia coli serotypeO78 can be treated with the antibiotic sarafloxacin. Three experiments were conducted on the administration of this drug to chickens that had been experimentally infected with E. coli. The birds were monitored for 10 days after infection for their average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the post-mortem pathology was assessed. In the first experiment, sarafloxacin (20 mg/L, equivalent to 5 mg/kg live weight per day), given in the drinking water for 3 days after infection, led to a reduction in the mortality from 75% to 27%, but the ADG of the treated birds was still less than that of the uninfected controls. In the second experiment, when the sarafloxacin was administered at the same dose in the water but over only 2 h, there was also a considerable reduction in mortality, and the ADG and the FCR also improved significantly. In the third experiment, the dose dependence of the drug was tested. The birds were given 5 and 10 mg/kg per day sarafloxacin in each group, starting within 2 h after infection. This rapid administration of the drug completely prevented mortality, while the ADG and FCR were similar to those of the uninfected controls.     

耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠埃希氏菌基因突变的MAMA-PCR检测

采用MAMA-PCR法对72株已知突变菌株的突变情况进行了检测。结果，有2种gyrA83位突变：TCG→TTG和TCG缺失；4种gyrA87位突变：GAC→AAC、GAC→GGC、GAC→TAC和GAC→CAC；1种parC80位突变：AGC→ATC以及4种parC84位突变：GAA→AAA、GAA→GCA、GAA→GGA和GAA→GTA。采用同样的方法，对38株未知突变菌株的检测结果显示，gyrA83、gyrA87、parC 80和parC84位的突变检出的正确率分别为97．4％、94．7％、81．6％和94．7％。结果表明，MAMA-PCR有望成为监测耐氟喹诺酮类药物大肠埃希氏菌的分子生物学常规方法。     

3种抗生素对3种常见鱼类病原菌的抑菌活性研究

为研究盐酸恩诺沙星、乳酸恩诺沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的体外抑菌活性,本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和杀菌曲线,研究3种常用喹诺酮类抗生素药物对3种水产病原菌的体外药效学特性.结果表明:乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC分别为0.244μg/mL和1.954μg/mL:盐酸恩诺沙星对鳗弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为0.122μg/mL;8 MIC的乳酸诺氟沙星药液在12 h内完全杀灭嗜水气单胞菌,在24 h内也能全部杀灭哈维氏弧菌,8 MIC的盐酸恩诺沙星药液在24 h内全部杀灭鳗弧菌.本研究为3种抗生素在水产养殖中的应用提供实验依据.     

Actinomyces bowdenii ulcerative keratitis in a dog

A 5‐year‐old spayed female diabetic mixed‐breed dog underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation to correct bilateral hypermature cataracts. Two months postsurgery, the patient presented with ulcerative keratitis and multifocal stromal abscessation OD, which was controlled, but never resolved, with topical fluoroquinolone therapy. The patient re‐presented 2 months later with a new, raised, white gritty corneal opacity associated with hyperemia, chemosis, and blepharospasm OD. Cytology of the right cornea revealed filamentous bacteria, suggestive of Actinomyces spp. Actinomyces bowdenii was subsequently isolated in pure culture and identified via 16s rDNA sequencing. Actinomyces bowdenii has never before been described as a cause of ocular infection. An immunosuppressed corneal environment likely contributed to this opportunistic Actinomycosis. The infection was not controlled with fluoroquinolone therapy, and the isolate, in vitro, was resistant to three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin), which also has not been previously reported for this species of Actinomyces. A superficial keratectomy with conjunctival graft was employed to successfully manage the infection.     

离子对高效液相色谱法测定日本囊对虾中喹诺酮类药物残留

采用离子对反相高效液相色谱法检测日本囊对虾中的喹诺酮类药物残留,使用Zorbax SB-C18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,流动相为乙腈∶水(0.01mol/L四丁基溴化铵溶液)=8∶92,流速为1.0ml/min,荧光检测器检测,激发波长为280nm,发射波长为480nm,柱温25℃。试验结果表明,每一种药物在一定的进样量范围内均有良好的线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.9998(n=6);氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的加标回收率均在80%以上,相对标准偏差小于10%。     

养殖鱼源嗜水气单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药机制

为研究体外诱导敏感嗜水气单胞菌耐药后,其敏感性变化与基因突变、外排作用的关系,实验选取对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感的养殖鱼源嗜水气单胞菌临床分离菌株为研究对象,分别在含亚抑菌浓度恩诺沙星(EN)和诺氟沙星(NF)的培养基上逐步诱导培养,以获得高耐药菌株;对诱导菌株gry A和par C基因进行扩增和测序分析;测定诱导菌对诱导药物和16种非诱导药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及添加外排泵抑制剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)后的MIC值变化;并对诱导菌交叉耐药情况进行比较分析。结果发现,诱导后菌株对EN和NF的MIC分别提高了409.6和4096倍,对非诱导氟喹诺酮类药物和其他类药物的MIC也有较大变化;药物诱导后各菌株gyr A基因和par C基因编码的氨基酸QRDRs区发生了典型的点突变:Gyr A发生Ser83→Ile变化,Par C发生Ser87→Ile/Arg变化;添加NMP后,所有诱导菌株对两种药物的MIC值均有不同程度的下降;诱导后菌株交叉耐药情况与菌株密切相关,其中3和8号诱导菌株对16种非诱导药物均无交叉耐药反应,而EN诱导菌株对氨基糖苷类和利福霉素类药物基本未产生交叉耐药反应,NF诱导菌株对除庆大霉素以外的氨基糖苷类和利福霉素类药物基本未产生交叉耐药反应,所有诱导后菌株均对四环素类和氯霉素类药物产生较严重的交叉耐药。研究表明,嗜水气单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类耐药存在靶基因位点突变及主动外排作用等多种耐药机制;且应慎重考虑在防治耐药菌株引发病害时,交叉耐药情况对选择治疗药物的影响。     

猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性与靶位突变相关性

旨在了解猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性与parC、gyrA基因突变的相关性,通过微量稀释法测定34株猪链球菌对4种氟喹诺酮类药物的MIC值,采用PCR方法扩增并测序分析了临床分离的猪链球菌对氟唪诺酮类约物10株耐药株和9株敏感株的parC和gyrA基因喹诺酮耐药决定区(QRDRs).在氟喹诺酮类药物耐药菌株parC基因QRDRs发生Ser79→Phe、Arg 87→Leu的氨基酸突变,在4株高度耐药菌株gyrA基因QRDRs发生Arg66→Ser,Ser81→Arg氨基酸突变;当菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感时,parC和gyrA基因的QRDR区均未有突变;而当MIC≥32 μg·L-1 时,parC的氨基酸发生了 Ser79→Phe的突变,同时发生gyrA氨基酸Arg66→Ser,Set81→Arg突变.结果表明,猪链球菌对氟喹诺酮类药物低水平类耐药是由parC单一位点突变引起,而高水平耐药是由parC和gyrA双位点突变引起.     

临床型奶牛乳腺炎致病菌分析及药敏试验

对佳木斯市4所大型奶牛场17头患有临床型乳腺炎的奶牛的不同乳区的20份乳汁样品进行致病菌的分离鉴定,并对分离得到的致病菌进行8种氟喹诺酮类药物和3组中药方剂的敏感性试验。结果表明,从被检乳汁样品中共分离得到致病菌508株,包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和化脓链球菌,分别占致病菌总数的35.43%、10.63%、39.96%、11.22%、2.76%。药敏试验表明,分离得到的致病菌对8种氟喹诺酮类药物均敏感,其中金黄色葡萄球菌对恩诺沙星最敏感,无乳链球菌对加替沙星最敏感;3组中药方剂中以方剂Ⅰ的抑菌效果最好。     

金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离耐氟喹诺酮类药物株的gyrA和grlA基因突变

对 5株临床分离的耐氟喹诺酮类药物的金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC值范围 :4～≥ 12 8mg/ L) ,提取各细菌染色体DNA,对 gyr A和 grl A基因进行 PCR扩增 ,产物与 p MD18- T载体连接 ,转化至大肠杆菌 JM10 9感受态细胞 ,筛选阳性克隆 ,测序。序列分析结果表明 ,5株菌均发生了基因突变。突变位点 grl A:Ser80 (TCC)→ Phe(TGC) ,Ser80 (TCC)→ Tyr(TAC) ;gyr A:Ser84 (TCA)→ L eu(TTA )、Ser84 (TCA)→ Ala(GCA)、Glu88(GAA)→ L ys(AAA) ,其中 2株对氟喹诺酮类药物的 MIC值低 (4～ 6 4 m g/ L) ,均发生 grl A单一点突变 ,其余 3株在 gyr A和 grl A上产生多突变位点 ,且对氟喹诺酮类药物的 MIC值较高 (8～≥ 12 8mg/ L )。说明单一的点突变只能引起低水平或中等水平的耐药 ,高水平的耐药需要多位点的突变。 5株耐药菌株均发生 grl A Ser80→ Tyr(Phe)点突变 ,提示环丙沙星、诺氟沙星等氟喹诺酮类药物作用于金黄色葡萄球菌的首要靶酶是拓扑异构酶 Iv