Distribution of three GnRHs in the brain and pituitary of the wild Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   Wild adult maturing and immature female Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were collected in June 2004 and January 2005, respectively, to clarify a possible role of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) in reproduction. Levels of salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and sea bream GnRH (sbGnRH) in the brain and pituitary were examined by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Three forms of GnRHs were detected in the discrete brain at various levels. In the pituitary of both maturing and immature fish, sbGnRH was abundant together with a pronounced amount of sGnRH, whereas cGnRH-II was almost below the detectable limit. In maturing fish, levels of sbGnRH were high in the telencephalon, hypothalamus and pituitary, while levels of sbGnRH of immature fish were very low in these regions. These results indicate that sbGnRH is mainly responsible for gonadotropin secretion, and that sbGnRH in the anterior part of the brain is associated with gonadal maturation in the Japanese flounder.     

Application of time-resolved fluorometry to immunoassays for bovine reproductive hormones

The principle of time‐resolved fluorometry with lanthanide chelates was established in the 1980s, but in the field of animal sciences it has not been widely applied to immunoassays. However, immunoassays that utilize time‐resolved fluorometry are possible alternatives to radioimmunoassays, since they can attain high sensitivity without safety risks. In this short review, we introduce the development of time‐resolved immunoassays for inhibin A, inhibin B and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and describe their application to the investigation of FSH regulation in male and female cattle. The results obtained using these newly developed immunoassays indicate that inhibin A acts as a feedback regulator for FSH secretion in female cattle, whereas inhibin A, and probably inhibin B, do so in male cattle.     

Detection of HCV core protein,envelope glycoprotein and core-envelope fusion protein by baculovirus surface display

AIM: To detect the hepatitis C virus (HCV) at early stages by the technique of baculovirus surface display. METHODS: We constructed the recombinant baculoviruses vAc-Flag-HCV C-GP64, vAc-Flag-HCV E-GP64 and vAc-Flag-CE-GP64, which displayed HCV-related structural proteins by the technique of baculovirus surface display. RESULTS: Western blotting results showed that the core (C), envelope (E) and core-envelope (CE) proteins of HCV were expressed in Sf9 cells after the infection of recombinant baculoviruses. We also observed by confocal microscopy that the C, E and CE proteins of HCV presented and were anchored on the plasma membrane of Sf9 cells after infection. In addition, the results of immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that the 3 recombinant baculoviruses displayed the C, E and CE proteins of HCV on the viral surface, respectively. To further define the role of these recombinant baculoviruses in detecting HCV at early stages, we applied time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) to detect HCV samples after purification and concentration of the recombinant baculoviruses. The results showed that the positive rate of vAc-Flag-CE-GP64 was up to 80.2%. CONCLUSION: vAc-Flag-CE-GP64 is useful for detecting the hepatitis C virus at early stages.     

牛血清中口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法的建立

为研究快速定量检测牛血清中口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体的方法,试验通过优化抗原表达条件等步骤,在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达可溶性的3A-3B融合蛋白,并基于纯化的可溶性融合蛋白建立口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测试剂盒。结果表明:建立的方法能够检测牛血清中的口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体,敏感性高,特异性强,对其他相关的牛类病原无交叉反应,其组内与组间变异系数分别低于10%和15%,具有良好的重复性。对300份临床牛血清样品进行检测,同Procheck公司的口蹄疫非结构蛋白抗体试剂盒进行比较,阳性样品符合率96%,阴性样品符合率93.3%,总的符合率95.7%。重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均小于10%。文章首次建立了口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法,同传统的ELISA方法相比,该检测方法特异性相当、敏感性更高,操作更简单、快速,具有较高的应用推广价值。     

小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法的建立

通过优化大肠埃希菌密码子、优化表达条件等方法,在大肠埃希菌表达系统中成功获得了可溶性的N蛋白与NH融合蛋白。进一步基于纯化的可溶性N蛋白与NH融合蛋白建立了小反刍兽疫病毒双抗原夹心时间分辨荧光免疫测定方法。该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够特异性的检测羊血清中的小反刍兽疫病毒抗体,与其他相关疫病病原无交叉反应;重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均小于10%。对292份临床血清样品进行检测,与法国IDVET竞争ELISA试剂盒比较,阳性样品符合率为92.47%,阴性样品符合率为97.26%,总的符合率为94.86%。该方法与传统的ELISA方法相比,具有敏感性、特异性相当,操作简单、快速,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

五氯酚人工抗原的合成与多克隆抗体的制备

采用氯乙酸法合成五氯酚（PCP）的衍生物五氯苯氧乙酸半抗原,在此基础上,采用活化酯法合成五氯酚的人工抗原,以合成的人工抗原免疫兔子,制备了高效价的抗五氯酚多克隆抗体,抗体经纯化后,建立间接竞争荧光免疫分析新方法。分析结果表明,在优化的条件下,五氯酚检测的线性浓度范围为0．5—50μg·L^-1,检测限为0．29μg·L^-1,其他结构类似的酚化合物不干扰五氯酚的测定。将此法初步应用于土壤中五氯酚的快速检测,回收率在89．8％～106．5％之间,变异系数在2．85％-7．36％之间,符合农药残留分析的要求。     

氯霉素的直接竞争时间分辨荧光免疫检测法

[目的]采用时间分辨荧光技术建立氯霉素（CAP）直接竞争免疫检测法（CAPTRFIA）。[方法]以羊抗鼠IgG二抗为固定相,游离CAP与生物素化的CAP人工抗原（CAP—BSA）共同竞争限量的CAP抗体;用铕标记的链霉亲和素示踪。[结果]该方法的灵敏度为0．016ng／ml。用于牛奶样品检测的添加回收率为89．6％,批内和批间变异系数分别为5．5％和10．1％,与甲砜霉素的交叉反应率〈0．01％。[结论]CAPTRFIA直接竞争法灵敏度高、特异性好、性能稳定,适于高通量筛查,有良好的应用前景。     

抗微生物药物残留的免疫学检测技术研究进展

免疫检测技术是食品安全检测领域中应用广泛的技术之一,新的免疫检测技术不断应用于抗微生物药物残留检验中,有力地推动了抗微生物药物残留安全监测体系的建立。首先,对抗微生物药物人工抗原合成与抗体生产技术进行了论述,之后着重综述了量子点荧光免疫分析法、时间分辨免疫分析法、免疫传感器和免疫芯片检测技术近年来取得的研究进展,并对这些技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

环丙沙星时间分辨荧光免疫分析方法

以环丙沙星-卵清蛋白结合物（CIP-OVA）为包被抗原,与游离环丙沙星（CIP）共同竞争有限的抗CIP抗体,用稀土离子Eu3＋标记的羊抗兔抗体进行示踪,建立了高灵敏的环丙沙星间接竞争时间分辨荧光免疫分析方法（TR-FIA）。该方法的测量范围为0.01～30μg/L,灵敏度为0.002μg/L,平均批间效应点值ED80、ED50、ED20分别为0.03、0.80和20.7μg/L。动物源性食品标准添加平均回收率为86.81%。结果表明CIP-TRFIA具有准确、灵敏、稳定、可测范围宽等特点,在CIP兽药残留检测有很好的应用前景。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的高灵敏时间分辨荧光免疫分析

采用时间分辨荧光技术建立高灵敏的玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）间接竞争免疫分析法（ZEN-TRFIA）。以玉米赤霉烯酮人工抗原（ZEN-BSA）包被96孔板为固相抗原，与ZEN标准或样品中的ZEN共同竞争有限的抗ZEN的单抗；用稀土离子Eu3+标记的羊抗鼠抗体进行示踪。该方法的灵敏度为0.01 μg/L（10ppt），测量范围为0.01-20 μg/L，批内和批间变异分别为7.2%和14.6%，平均回收率为94.4%，与玉米赤霉醇（ZER）的交叉反应率为15.16%。7条不同时间进行的ZEN-TRFIA的效应点值ED20、ED50、ED80分别为0.156±0.035 μg/L、0.634±0.091 μg/L和2.595±0.274 μg/L。试剂盒4℃保质期超过6个月。研究表明，ZEN-TRFIA是目前报导的ZEN检测中较灵敏的方法，该分析方法稳定性好，货架期符合要求，可测范围宽，具有很好的应用前景。