盐逆境对耐盐水稻穗部性状及产量构成因素的影响

探明不同盐逆境水平对耐盐水稻穗部性状及产量构成因素的影响,旨在为沿海滩涂水稻种植和耐盐水稻高产育种提供科学依据.以'扬农稻1号'(V1)、'南粳5055'(V2)和'通海粳18-2'(V3)为试材,利用盐池设施设置O g/kg(S0)、1.5 g/kg(S1)、3 g/kg(S2)3个不同盐分水平,采用裂区试验,测定分...     

跃层式住宅设计探讨

论述了跃层式住宅诞生的必然性及优越性,提出了跃层式住宅的设计原则.     

耐盐(碱)水稻研发的建议

论述了耐盐(碱)水稻研发的必要性与可行性,提出耐盐(碱)水稻研发的综合建议,指出开展耐盐(碱)水稻研发要走"规模化、公司化、机械化、优质化与生态友好型"的"四化一型"道路。     

Water,salt and nutrient fluxes of tropical tidal salt flats

The water budget of a tropical tidal salt flat in dry tropical Australia has been studied with particular emphasis on estimating the groundwater fluxes. Salt was used as a passive tracer to determine some of these fluxes. Groundwater salt accumulation (or loss) was less than 1 kg/m³/month. Surface water leaving the flat at a higher salt concentration than flood water causes a net outwelling of salt of between 0.4 and 1 kg/m²/month. Evaporation from the salt flat was estimated to be 70 mm/month. Using these measurements and a simple model of the groundwater flows, it is concluded that the groundwater loss is less than 40 mm/month. The accuracy of the salt budget was insufficient to rule out the possibility that the net groundwater motion was upwards. Measurements of Si and PO_{_4} fluxes indicated that the net outwelling due to surface water flows were respectively 3 mmole/m²/month and 0.014 mmole/m²/month. A net groundwater loss of 10 mm would produce a similar magnitude outwelling due to groundwater discharge. The mangrove-fringed tropical tidal salt flats are the source of large quantities of nutrients that are released to the near-shore zone.     

江苏滨海滩涂稻作改良研究进展及展望

滨海盐土稻作改良是江苏沿海滩涂开发利用的主要技术之一。本文概述了江苏省滨海盐土稻作改良方面的研究进展,在耐盐水稻鉴定方面,筛选出了‘盐稻10号’、‘盐稻12’、‘通粳981’、‘南粳5055’、‘南粳9108’、‘淮稻5号’等耐盐性较强的品种;在1.5 g/kg盐胁迫下,水稻产量为非胁迫的65%~85%,在3 g/kg的盐胁迫下产量为非胁迫的40%~45%;盐胁迫对稻米加工、外观、蒸煮和食味品质均存在一定程度的不利影响;定位观测表明微咸水灌溉条件下滩涂稻田土壤盐分最高点出现在抽穗前后。在此基础上对今后滩涂稻作改良研发工作提出了3个方面的建议：（1）耐盐水稻种质筛选与品种改良;（2）滩涂稻田地力提升技术研发;（3）滩涂水稻栽培关键技术研发。     

植物激素对杏鲍菇菌丝生长及酶活性的影响

[目的]探究几种植物激素对杏鲍菇菌丝生长及酶活性的影响。[方法]采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养方法,研究赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸和萘乙酸4种植物激素对杏鲍菇菌丝生长及酶活性的影响。[结果]吲哚乙酸虽然能提高发酵液胞外蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶活性,但对菌丝的生长起抑制作用。[结论]萘乙酸、2,4-D在低浓度时能提高纤维素酶活性,而在高浓度时则降低纤维素酶活性。[结论]萘乙酸、赤霉素能促进菌丝的快速伸长,这在发菌的早期是非常有利的。     

Distance to high-tide roosts constrains the use of foraging areas by dunlins: Implications for the management of estuarine wetlands

Shorebirds are declining all around the world, mostly due to deterioration of the estuarine habitats used in winter and migration. Estuaries cover small areas, so it is essential to guarantee that shorebirds can access all the tidal flats where they usually feed at low-tide.Studying use of space by dunlins (Calidris alpina) in the Tagus estuary (Portugal), we noted that lack of suitably located high-tide roosts can limit the access of shorebirds to feeding habitats. Density of dunlins on foraging areas declined significantly with distance to the nearest roost, and fewer than 20% individuals foraged more than 5 km from two roosts where they were dye-marked.So to permit full access to feeding areas it is important to maintain a network of suitably located high-tide roosts. We developed a GIS modelling methodology to evaluate the adequacy of existing roost networks, and to estimate the consequences of losing or creating new roosts. The methodology requires maps with the location of roosts and foraging habitats, and knowledge of the distances that birds are willing to fly to reach foraging areas. It quantifies the proportion of foraging areas close to the existing roosts and the average distance that birds have to fly to reach potential feeding sites.Applying this methodology to the Tagus estuary we concluded that lack of roosts probably explains why the intertidal flats in the north-west of the estuary are underused by shorebirds. A modelling exercise suggested that this gap could be eliminated by creating a roost in an old drained wetland area. We also modelled the impact of the loss of two roosts that are currently threatened. Without them almost half of the available feeding areas will be too far from roosts to be efficiently used by dunlins, and possibly by other shorebirds.     

永靖县养殖水域滩涂规划初探

永靖县养殖水域滩涂规划围绕建设现代渔业发展的需求,结合永靖县水库网箱养殖和池塘大宗鱼类养殖两种养殖模式,依托“打造唐藩古道旅游名县”总体县域规划,以保障刘家峡水库水域生态环境优良、保护兰州市第二饮用水源地和依托休闲渔业增收为目标,对养殖水域滩涂进行了科学规划,合理布局,为促进水产养殖业的可持续、高质量发展提供科学依据。     

复垦滩涂微咸水灌溉下粳稻产量和品质的表现

为明确不同粳稻品种在江苏沿海滩涂地区的产量和品质表现,以近期育成的23个新品种（系）为材料、其中盐稻12号为对照,在中低盐分（2g/kg）复垦滩涂地块,微咸水（矿化度0.94~2.44g/L）灌溉,比较滩涂实地盐胁迫下粳稻产量和品质的表现。结果表明,参试品种（系）平均产量8.21t/hm²,变幅6.19~11.74t/hm²,为邻近无盐胁迫老垦区产量的85%左右;主要的穗粒结构表现为穗多而粒少,增加穗粒数是滩涂水稻高产栽培途径之一。就稻米品质而言,滩涂中低度盐胁迫对糙米率、精米率、长宽比和食味值的影响不大,对整精米率有一定的影响,影响最大的是稻米外观品质指标垩白粒率和垩白度,在耐盐品种选育与筛选中要加强对垩白度的选择。