黄皮的生物学特性研究

通过本试验观察表明:黄皮[Clausena Lansium (Lour.)Skeels]的开花与温度有密切关系,温度高,开花过程短;温度低,开花过程长。花穗中的花轴增长速度也随温度升高而加快,花轴增长快,则花轴长,花穗大;反之,花轴增长速度慢,花轴短,花穗小。黄皮开花的顺序是从花穗基部第1—4个分枝开始,每个分枝则先从基部1—8个二次分枝首先开放。31℃是黄皮花粉萌发最适宜温度。在培养基中加入15—20％蔗糖或2.4—D,三十烷醇等生长调节物质,明显可提高黄皮花粉的萌发力。本试验对黄皮的物候期及植物学特性同时进行了研究。     

树木挥发物对植食性昆虫的诱导抗性

树木挥发物质对植食性昆虫取食，产卵所产生的诱导抗性是树木与昆虫的长期协同进化过程中的必然结果，树木与植食性昆虫之间发展了一套互相调节，自身开拓资源，产生生存对策的复杂相互关系，本文着重阐明了树木与植食性昆虫的互相策略，诱导抗性的生物化学基础以及诱导抗性在调节植食性昆虫种群中的重要性。     

莫能菌素浓度对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

本试验研究了莫能菌素对混合瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响 ,以期确定莫能菌素在瘤胃内容物中的适宜添加浓度。混合瘤胃微生物由饲喂花生秧基础日粮的阉公牛瘤胃内容物和瘤胃液制备 ,用简易人工瘤胃装置测定莫能菌素浓度对产气量、瘤胃乙丙酸比例、粗纤维降解率和真蛋白产量的影响。结果表明 ,莫能菌素浓度强烈地抑制产气量 ,两者呈线性负相关(P<0.05);粗纤维降解率开始时随莫能菌素浓度的升高而增加 ,在浓度为0.078mg/L时达到最大值 ,两者呈二次幂函数关系 ;添加莫能菌素降低了瘤胃乙丙酸比例 ,但瘤胃乙丙酸比例随莫能菌素浓度的提高有逐渐增加的趋势 ;在莫能菌素浓度为0.1～2.0mg/L的范围内 ,添加莫能菌素对蛋白质的产量没有明显影响     

微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)分批发酵模型的建立

在本文中，以本实验优化好的工艺条件，建立了关于微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶分批发酵的数学模型方程细胞生长的动力学方程、产物合成的动力学方程和底物消耗的动力学方程。并对所建立的动力学方程进行了生物统计分析，结果表明所建立的模型具有一定的可信度。     

Effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed a concentrate diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of a mechanical stimulating brush on rumination time, ruminal passage rate and rumen fermentation status in steers fed a concentrate diet at maintenance level. Animals were dosed three Rumen Faibu (RF) per head through the rumen fistulae (RF treatment) and not dosed (control) in a change‐over design. The organic cell wall content of the concentrate diet was 12.7% of dry matter. Daily time spent on rumination was very short in both treatments with 24 min in RF treatment and 15 min in control. The turnover rate of ruminal fluid in RF treatment was higher than that in control. There were no differences in ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration between RF treatment and control. Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were not different between the treatments. Propionic acid concentration tended to be higher in the animals on RF treatment than in control animals. The RF dosing in Holstein steers fed a low fiber diet did not affect the rumination time, but increased rumen digesta passage rate and ruminal propionic acid production.     

干旱区20个紫花苜蓿品种抗旱性研究

该试验测定了20个苜蓿品种的水势、总含水量、自由水量、束缚水量、束/自比以及渗透调节物质.从植物水分生理与生化方面,测试各品种的抗旱性,并结合产草量、品质进行综合评价.从中选出5～6个抗旱性较强、产草量高、品质较好的苜蓿品种,为干旱区选择适宜的苜蓿品种提供具有实用价值的基础资料.     

马铃薯渣酶法水解液制备单细胞蛋白饲料的研究

本文研究了酶法水解马铃薯渣制备膳食纤维后的滤液制备单细胞蛋白的可行性。试验结果表明,单细胞蛋白边糖化边发酵的摇瓶培养的较优工艺条件为:底物浓度为8%(添加8%的麸皮水)、初始pH值为4.5、接种量为15%、葡萄糖淀粉酶加入量为100U/g(原料中淀粉)、青霉素加入量为80U/g(原料)、培养温度为28℃、培养时间为6h、转速为250r/min。在此条件下,干酵母产量最高为19.920g/L,单细胞蛋白中的蛋白质含量达12.27%。     

Aromatic Substances Inhibiting Wheat Powdery Mildew Produced by a Fungus Detected with a New Screening Method for Phylloplane Fungi

Microorganisms isolated from wheat leaf surfaces were screened for inhibition of wheat powdery mildew. A new screening method, in which wheat leaves were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and incubated with the cultured microorganisms under non-contact conditions, was developed in the present study. Using this method, 10 phylloplane fungi that inhibited wheat powdery mildew were selected from 408 microorganisms isolated from wheat leaf surfaces. Among these 10 strains, a fungus designated as Kyu-W63 had an especially strong inhibitory effect. Kyu-W63 produced white colonies without spores when cultivated on PDA. Kyu-W63 had a strong aromatic odor when being cultured. Wheat powdery mildew was suppressed even though a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.45 μm was placed between the mycelial colony and wheat leaf segment. However, when activated charcoal was introduced, Kyu-W63 did not inhibit growth of B. graminis. It was presumed that volatile substances were involved in the inhibitory effect of Kyu-W63. GC-MS analysis was used to identify two substances produced by Kyu-W63 with molecular weights of 164 and 166. Kyu-W63 also inhibited the in vitro growth of four plant pathogenic fungi other than B. graminis. Received 19 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 7 February 2002     

苏云金杆菌小试生产发酵影响因子的研究

利用 1 0L全自动发酵罐对苏云金杆菌小试生产的发酵条件进行了研究。结果显示 ,不同的温度、pH值、培养基成分及接种方式对发酵产量和发酵周期均有影响 ;在培养基配方中存在葡萄糖时 ,葡萄糖单独灭菌对提高苏云金杆菌发酵产量是重要的。初步生物测定显示 ,发酵上清中存在一些杀虫增效因子 ,建议配制苏云金杆菌制剂时尽可能加以利用。