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1.
K. S. Venturini M. F. Sarcinelli M. A. Baller T. C. Putarov E. B. Malheiros A. C. Carciofi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1077-1087
Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics. 相似文献
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响应曲面法优化高粱挤压最佳操作参数的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以高粱为原料,研究系统操作参数,包括:物料含水率、喂料速度、螺杆转速、机筒温度对目标参数的影响,并以响应曲面法优化最佳操作参数,优化得到的最佳操作参数为:物料含水率15.77%,喂料速度26.97r/min,螺杆转速181.20r/min,五区温度158.28℃。 相似文献
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【目的】分析在同一主效基因(Wx^mp)背景下可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和去分支酶基因PUL对稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响,以期为水稻品质遗传改良提供依据。【方法】选择在SSⅡa和PUL存在多态性而其他淀粉合成酶相关基因没有多态性的半糯品系宁0145和粳稻品种武运粳21进行杂交,获得F2群体与F3株系。利用分子标记,选择含有Wx^mp基因的F2单株与F3株系,将这些F2单株与F3株系分成SSⅡa^nPUL^n、SSⅡa^nPUL^w、SSⅡa^wPUL^n和SSⅡa^wPUL^w4种基因型(n和w分别表示该基因来源于宁0145和武运粳21),分析不同基因型蒸煮食味品质性状的差异,探讨同一Wxmp基因背景下不同SSⅡa和PUL等位基因对蒸煮食味品质性状的影响。【结果】不同基因型间蒸煮食味品质性状均存在显著差异,来源于武运粳21的SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因分别使直链淀粉含量增加0.29%~1.00%和0.62%~1.18%,且PUL的效应大于SSⅡa,两者间存在互作效应。SSⅡa^w基因和PUL^w基因降低胶稠度和崩解值,提高了热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、消减值和回复值,对糊化温度、峰值黏度和峰值时间的作用较小。【结论】明确了Wx^mp背景下SSⅡa和PUL基因对稻米蒸煮食味品质的遗传效应,该研究结果为SSⅡa和PUL基因的分子标记辅助选择改良稻米品质提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Charlotte M E Heyer Li F Wang Eduardo Beltranena Ruurd T Zijlstra 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs. 相似文献
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Endothelin‐1 Immunoreactivity and its Association with Intramedullary Hemorrhage and Myelomalacia in Naturally Occurring Disk Extrusion in Dogs
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通过扫描电镜研究了油菜籽原料、高低粕残油率挤压膨化试样及传统螺旋压榨试样的显微组织结构.结果表明:粕残油率低的试样经挤压膨化后细胞壁破坏充分,物料膨化效果好,有利于溶剂油与油脂的迅速充分接触,从而提高油脂浸出速度、降低粕残油率(<1%);相反,粕残油率高的试样细胞壁没有被充分破坏,传统压榨工艺试样组织结构坚实细密不利于油脂浸出,粕残油率相对较高(>9%). 相似文献
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基于本构模型的颗粒饲料成型特性研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
为研究饲料原料挤压成型特性,构建了非线性黏弹塑性颗粒饲料成型本构模型,针对主要饲料原料小麦,通过分析成型试验因素对其本构模型系数及其表征的流变学特性的影响,研究物料特性、加工参数等对小麦原料成型特性的影响规律,并分析了模型系数与颗粒成型质量的相关性关系。黏弹塑性本构模型由牛顿黏滞体(Newton viscous dashpot element)、应变硬化弹簧元件(strain hardening spring element)和库伦摩擦元件(Coulomb friction element)构成,基于小麦原料的实际成型试验完成模型构建;模型验证结果显示:数值结果中各应力区间模型决定系数R2在0.99以上,模型值与试验值较为吻合,相对误差总平均值为3.378%,并通过χ2检验进一步证明模型有效性;应用本构模型对小麦原料成型特性的分析结果显示,表征其流变学特性的模型系数表现出明显的应力函数规律,黏性系数绝对值随着挤压过程的进行逐渐减小,弹性模量值逐渐增大,集成塑性系数值则表现为先增后降,而各成型试验因素对模型系数产生了显著规律性影响,与宏观试验现象比较吻合;通过Pearson相关性分析可知颗粒成型密度、颗粒成型率、颗粒成型硬度等成型质量指标分别与黏性系数、塑性模量与弹性模量间达到了最高的相关系数,数值皆在0.80以上且为极显著相关性水平(P0.001),为基于本构模型对颗粒成型质量进行分析和控制提供依据。研究结果为颗粒饲料挤压成型特性研究提供了一种新方法和新角度,也为颗粒饲料的高效低耗生产和产品质量的改善提供基础数据和理论参考。 相似文献