频域心电图对冠心病诊断价值的初步探讨

对５０例冠心病和５０例随机做平板运动试验（ＴＥＴ）者作频域心电图（ＦＣＧ）对比分析探讨ＦＣＧ对冠心病的诊断价值。结果表明：单纯根据ＦＣＧ异常诊断冠心病有较高假阳性（６５．２２％）。如将ＦＣＧ的阳性指标作综合判断，虽然敏感性降低（８８．００％降至７０．００％）。假阳性都明显降低（６５．２２％降至２６．００％）。认为ＴＥＴ的特异性较ＦＣＧ高。若两者均为阴性，则冠心病可能性很小。     

Relationship of plasma lactate production to cortisol release following completion of different types of sporting events in horses

Fifty-eight healthy horses were studied during five sporting events of various intensities and durations, namely show-jumping (n=6), cross-country in a three-day event (n=30), trotting races (n=7), galloping reces (n=7) and endurance rides (n=8). Venous blood samples were collected at rest and immediately after exercise and analysed for plasma cortisol (CORT) and lactate (LA) levels. The experimental procedure was the same throughout the investigation so as to permit a reliable comparison between the five types of exercise. The type of event significantly affected both the resting (p0.05) and the postexercise (p0.01) plasma CORT. The degree of exercise-induced hypercortisolaemia was related to both the intensity and the duration of exercise for all five sporting events, but the endurance ride induced the most and show-jumping the least serious post-exercise CORT changes. LA production was much more closely related to the intensity of the exercise than was CORT. It is concluded that simultaneous measurements of plasma CORT and LA levels may be useful to discriminate between different types of exercise, adjust training programmes, and improve our comprehension of the physiology of sport horses at exercise.Abbreviations CORT cortisol - E/R exercise to rest ratio - EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - HR heart rate - LA lactate     

Comparison of tracheal aspirates before and after high-speed treadmill exercise in racehorses

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirate (TA) samples collected from racehorses are increased after exercise and whether interpretation of results from TA samples taken before and after exercise agree. DESIGN: Case series of 40 young Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in race training presented for evaluation of poor performance. PROCEDURE: TA samples were collected endoscopically from racehorses presented for poor performance 24 h before and 1 to 2 h after high speed treadmill exercise testing. Aliquots of the retrieved fluid were cytocentrifuged and smears were stained with Diff-Quik. Mean neutrophil counts were expressed as percentages of the total number of inflammatory cells counted and subsequently were categorised as either above or below an accepted cut-off of 20%. Comparisons between percentages of neutrophils before and after exercise were made. RESULTS: Percentage of neutrophils from TA samples obtained from racehorses after exercise was significantly higher than neutrophil percentages from TA samples collected from the same horse before exercise. In horses with TA specimens that were categorised as having < or = 20% neutrophils before treadmill exercise, the percentage of neutrophils in their TA specimens after exercise was, on average, significantly higher and was greater than the cut-off value of 20%. CONCLUSION: Recent strenuous exercise may change the proportion of neutrophils in lower airways of racehorses and practitioners should be aware of this when collecting and interpreting the results from TA samples. The most practical time for collection of a TA sample to obtain the most diagnostically useful information might be after a suitable washout period of at least 1 to 2 h post-exercise.     

有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼形态特征的影响

为了考察有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼形态特征的影响,在(25±0.5)℃水温条件下,将大小相当的144尾中华倒刺鲃幼鱼(19.52±0.03)g,(10.29±0.02) cm轻度麻醉后随机分为4组:对照组、1 bl/s(体长/秒)训练组、2 bl/s训练组和4 bl/s训练组,在相应流速下训练8周(18 h/d)后,从各实验组中各随机挑选中华倒刺鲃,幼鱼12尾,测量并计算其形态特征参数.结果显示1 bl/s训练组尾柄侧面积显著大于对照组(p＜0.05);2 bl/s训练组的腹鳍前长、头长、叉长、尾柄侧面积及尾鳍面积等参数均显著大于对照组(p＜0.05);而4 bl/s训练组头高、体高、体高与体长比显著大于对照组(p＜0.05),其他形态参数较对照组无显著差异.研究结果表明有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的形态特征产生了显著影响;中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在不同流速下表现出的形态特征差异可能与其游泳速度和能量消耗相关.     

不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼自由基代谢的影响

在(25±0.5) ℃下, 设置4个水流速度实验组, 分别为静水对照组0 bl/s(体长/秒)、1.0 bl/s组、2.0 bl/s组和4.0 bl/s组, 研究不同水流速度对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼肌肉自由基代谢的影响, 训练周期为8周。结果显示, 肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-P_X)的活性随着水流速度的增加而升高, 训练组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性出现不同程度的下降, 而抗氧化物谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量未发生明显变化(P>0.05); 训练组肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均高于对照组, 2.0 bl/s组最高, 4.0 bl/s组次之, 1.0 bl/s组最低, 且2.0 bl/s和4.0 bl/s组T-AOC与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。8周训练后, 2.0 bl/s组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他3组(P<0.05), 而H₂O₂含量随着水流速度增加呈上升趋势。8周运动训练对骨骼肌B细胞淋巴瘤因子-2 (Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的含量及血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性无显著影响(P>0.05), 但2.0 bl/s组Bax和Bax/ Bcl-2显著低于4.0 bl/s组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 2.0 bl/s的水流速度可提高中华倒刺鲃肌肉的抗氧化能力, 降低脂质过氧化水平, 并在一定程度上抑制肌细胞凋亡。

     

逆流运动及葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼生长和体成分的影响

选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。     

逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响

在室内条件下［水温(28?1) ℃］,设置0.7 BL/s和2.0 BL/s 2个流速组以及一个静水对照组,研究了不同逆流运动训练对多鳞四须鲃幼鱼［体质量(75.21?2.82) g］摄食、生长和体营养成分的影响。实验分1~23 d和23~45 d两个阶段,共进行45 d。实验结果表明,多鳞四须鲃平均日摄食率随流速增加而增大,但体长特定生长率、体质量特定生长率和食物转换率均以0.7 BL/s组最高,静水组次之,2.0 BL/s组最低,且三者间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同流速下多鳞四须鲃肌肉水分和灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但随流速增大,多鳞四须鲃肌肉中蛋白质含量增加,而脂肪含量却显著下降。在实验末期,2.0 BL/s流速组的氨基酸总含量(82.63%)、必需氨基酸总含量(34.34%)和鲜味氨基酸总含量(33.50%)均显著高于静水对照组(78.27%,32.6%,30.63%)(P<0.05)。研究表明,较低流速(0.7 BL/s)的运动训练明显促进多鳞四须鲃的生长,提高食物转化率和增加肌肉蛋白质含量,高流速(2.0 BL/s)的运动训练不利于生长,但却能显著提高肌肉必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量。     

Morphometric Study of the Equine Navicular Bone: Age-Related Changes and Influence of Exercise

Navicular bones from the four limbs of 95 horses, classified in 9 categories, were studied. The effects of age on navicular bone morphometry and histomorphometry were estimated, after adjustment of the data to even out the effects of front and rear limbs, morphometrical type, sex, weight, and size.All the external measurements of the navicular bone decreased significantly with increasing age. From the histomorphometrical data, cortical bone volume decreased with age in most horses, whereas cancellous bone volume and, in particular, the marrow spaces increased. The increase in the cancellous bone volume could have resulted from tunnelling of the internal part of the cortex, which converted it progressively into a porous trabecular-like structure. Trabecular bone volume also decreased with age and the trabecular lattice changed dramatically to become disconnected in aged horses. These observations corresponded closely to those reported for ageing of the skeletal system in humans.However, in sporting horses, the navicular cortical bone volume increased with age and the cancellous bone volume decreased. Exercise appeared to have decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation at the endocortical junction. The cancellous bone architecture was also improved, in that the trabecular lattice and trabecular bone volume remained unchanged in aged sporting horses. Our findings confirmed that exercise may be good practice to prevent age-related bone loss.     

Preliminary Studies on the Concentration of Na+,K+-ATPase in Skeletal Muscle of Draught Cattle in Mozambique: Effect of Sex,Age and Training

The effect of training on the potential for work in draught cattle was assessed by measuring the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in the muscle cell membrane and the elevation in the concentration of K⁺ in plasma during exercise. Biopsies of the semitendinosus muscle and venous blood samples were taken from the cattle used for draught work in Mozambique. No differences were found in the plasma ion or Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations in samples taken from Nguni, Africander and Angoni breeds. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^–) or muscle Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentrations between the Angoni males and females, although the males showed an increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase with age, while the females showed a decrease. The increase in males might be attributed to their higher level of activity in the herds than that of females. After a training period of 15 days, a significant increase in Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase concentration in semitendinosus muscle was found in Angoni cattle. In females, this was significant after 8 days of training (about 30%); in males after 15 days of training (about 16%). On day 15, there was a reduction in the elevation of plasma K⁺ during the 2 h of draught work, indicating an increased capacity of the Na⁺,K⁺ pumps to maintain the extracellular K⁺ concentration in working muscles and a possible delay in the moment of fatigue.