完善农村居民最低生活保障制度的几点建议

当前，我国农村普遍建立了居民最低生活保障制度，这是保障农村社会稳定的“最后一道安全网”，是中国农村社会保障体系的基础工程。但是，我国农村居民最低生活保障制度也还存在一些问题，例如保障对象、保障方式、保障资金、管理体制等，充分认识并采取 有效措施解决好这些问题，对于完善农村社会保障体系，维护农村社会稳定和经济发展有着重要现实意义。     

南方山区草地资源的类型及开发利用途径

根据生态学的基本原理，对我国南方山区草地资源的特点进行了分析，从生态学类型上对该地区草地进行了划分，进而提出了南方山区草地开发利用的途径。     

浅析农牧交错区特殊地位与生态环境建设难点

农牧交错区是国家实施西部大开发的重点区域,通过建国50多年的艰苦努力,已经成为一条经济产业带,生产了大量的煤炭、石油、天然气和农牧产品支持国家的经济建设,并对西部地区起着重要的吸引和辐射作用。通过野外调查和资料分析,按照典型剖析、专题研究、总结提高的基本思路,分析了农牧交错区在国家经济建设中的地位与作用,探讨了在西部大开发中生态环境建设面临的严峻挑战,进而提出了相应的发展对策。     

西北少数民族地区教育立法初探

西北少数民族地区由于经济和社会发展的滞后,教育普遍比较落后,西部大开发,需要从教育立法的高度来促进西北少数民族地区教育的发展,从而发挥教育在少数民族地区发展中的作用。     

Effects of land ownership and landscape-level factors on rare-species richness in natural areas of southern Ontario,Canada

Surprisingly few studies have considered the extent to which the nature of the ownership of land is associated with differences in biodiversity. We analysed ownership and other landscape-level effects on rare-species richness for both globally- and regionally-rare biota (including birds, herpetofauna, butterflies, mammals, and plants) in 289 designated natural areas (NAs) in southern Ontario, Canada. Information about each NA −including area, number of plant communities, ownership status and details of species diversity were collected from published sources. Length of perimeter of NA, relative isolation, and an estimate of fragmentation were measured using image analysis and GIS techniques. NAs were in general relatively small, with mean area of 158 ha (median 85 ha, range from 0.9 to 1278 ha) for private NAs; public NAs had mean area of 132 ha (median 16 ha, range from 0.1 to 1481 ha). Mean number of plant communities was 4.6 (median 4, range 1- 13) at private NAs and 3.8 (median 3, range 1-16) at public NAs. Our results show that, of several landscape-level factors, area had the greatest effects on rare-species richness and other biotic indices. Effects of area were followed by effects of plant community diversity, however this was itself significantly affected by area and the extent of perimeter of the NA. Both these factors were followed by effects of ownership of the NA and by effects of isolation of the NA (represented by minimum distance to nearest NA and by number of NAs in 10 km radius). Other landscape- level factors did not appear to have overall significant effects. Variation in area accounted for 0.1% to 29% of variation in number of rare species, with lower values for globally-rare, than for regionally-rare taxa. For all biotic groups, public ownership of NAs was associated with significantly greater rare-species richness compared to private ownership, even after other factors such as area were controlled. For all globally-rare biota except butterflies, area of NA had greater effects on rare-species richness than did ownership. Richness of regionally- rare birds was more affected by plant community diversity than by area of NA. Number of recorded plant communities accounted from 2.1% of variation in number of globally-rare plant species to as high as 31% of variation in regionally-rare butterflies. The diversity of plant communities was itself influenced by total site area (accounting for 45% of variation), extent of elongation of the NA, and both external- and interior- edge perimeters. Public NAs had greatest numbers of rare biota and so should be a significant focus for conservation programs. Smaller, privately-owned patches of natural area dominate (by number and area) in this densely populated region and their significance should not be overlooked. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

日本金龟子在中国适生区的预测

日本金龟子PopilliajaponicaNewman是一种重要的害虫 ,主要危害草坪和观赏植物。日本金龟子原产日本 ,现在已经分布于许多国家 ,并且造成了严重的经济损失。目前中国尚未有该虫分布。本文通过以计算机为基础的生态气候模型—CLIMEX ,利用气候数据来预测日本金龟子适合的地理分布区 ,预测结果是日本金龟子可以在中国大约 31个市、县地区生存 ,主要是沿海地区和长江流域 ,尤其是中国的中东部地区     

农村养鸡防疫存在问题及对策

科学疫病防控是现代化家禽养殖产业发展中一项重要和不可或缺的工作,是实现鸡养殖产业健康可持续发展的关键所在。由于农村地区的很多养殖户科学疫病防控重视程度不高,在养殖管理过程中并没有构建完善的疫病防控措施,养殖管理方案不当,鸡群处于亚健康状态,身体抵抗能力较差,一旦某些传染性疾病在养殖场中爆发流行,很容易造成严重危害,使大量鸡死亡,给养殖场带来不可挽回的经济损失。该文分析农村养鸡防疫存在的问题,论述具体的解决措施。     

鄂西南民族地区养殖业与旅游业互动发展研究

为了研究鄂西南民族地区养殖业、旅游业的互动发展,文章在文献分析的基础上,结合实地调研掌握的资料和收集的数据,分析了鄂西南少数民族地区养殖业与旅游业互动发展的意义、基础条件和存在的主要障碍。结果表明,鄂西南民族地区具备开展养殖旅游的基础条件,但在发展观念、目标、层次以及人力资源等方面仍存在一些障碍。因此,文章从发展观念转变、发展规划制定、发展层次提升、人才培养和政策支持等方面提出了促进该地区养殖业、旅游业互动发展的对策建议。     

景颇族传统民族图案在园林中的应用探讨

少数民族的传统图案是一笔独特的文化财富。本文通过对景颇族传统图案的产生、类型和象征分析,对部分典型图案的图示和阐述,探讨了景颇族民族传统图案在园林中的应用形式和发展前景,为设计具有少数民族特色的园林提供思路和方法。