三江白猪线粒体DNA-RFLP的分析

采用22种限制性内切酶分析了三江白猪线粒体DNA的多态性。结果表明：在60头个体中检出30种限制性态型．归结为7种基因单倍型；其间的差异来自少数限制性位点的突变。单倍型间平均遗传距离为0．35%，群体遗传多态程度为0．044％。三江白猪遗传多样性非常贫乏，说明三江白猪与地方种猪起源于一个共同祖先，在品种形成早期受到创立者效应的制约。     

牛冠状病毒4H12/1D4单链基因片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

用ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切ＰＲ５Ｂ４质粒，采用“Ｖ”字形内槽电洗脱法回收约０．８０４Ｋｂ牛冠状病毒基因工程抗体４Ｈ１２／１Ｄ４单链基因片段，并将其插入载体质粒ＰＥＴ－１７ｂ的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点构成重组质粒ＰＥＴ－Ｄ４，将重组质粒转化ＤＨ５α感受态细胞，在ＩＰＴＧ的诱导下表达，细菌裂解物经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳筛选，发现含ＰＥＴ－Ｄ４细菌经诱导新增一条约２８ＫＤα蛋白带，该蛋白带与设计基因工程抗体的大小相符，经光密度扫描，表达量约占菌体总蛋白的１４％     

苏云金芽胞杆菌ICP基因工程菌的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外利用杀虫细菌苏云金杆菌ＩＣＰ基因构建工程菌，包括植物根际定居菌、植物疫苗、重组杀蚊蓝细菌和杆状病毒Ｂｔ重组菌等研究的历程及现状、成功的范例及存在问题．文中亦讨论了该研究领域的应用前景．     

产蛋下降综合症H_（91）病毒基因组DNA的酶切分析

从发病鸡群中分离的产蛋下降综合症病毒（ＥＤＳ＿（－７６））Ｈ＿（９１）株接种鹅胚收获的尿囊液，用氯化铯密度梯度离心等方法纯化了ＥＤＳ病毒。电镜下观察到病毒无囊膜，大小为７０～８５ｎｍ。从纯化的病毒悬液提取的核酸，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳只出现一条分子量为３４ｋｂ、背景清晰的核酸带。用６种限制性内切酶对其基因组ＤＮＡ进行了酶切分析，各种酶消化分别产生４，４，９，９，１１和３条片段。将此结果与ＥＤＳ标准株ＡＶ＿（－１２７）株基因组ＤＮＡ由相同的内切酶消化的结果进行比较发现，由ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＳｍａⅠ消化２个病毒基因组ＤＮＡ产生的片段数及大小有些差异。     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

日粮非植酸磷和基因工程酵母菌植酸酶水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长和胫骨发育的影响

 【目的】研究确定22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡非植酸磷（NPP）的需要量及毕赤酵母基因工程菌植酸酶（PHY A）的磷当量值。【方法】选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 320只,随机分为11个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复30只鸡。处理1为基础日粮（NPP水平为0.08%）,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶;处理2～7在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平化学纯磷酸氢钙,日粮NPP水平分别为0.16%、0.24%、0.32%、0.40%、0.48%、0.56%;处理8～11在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 U&#8226;kg-1PHY A、400 U&#8226;kg-1美国进口植酸酶产品（PHY B）。【结果】肉鸡日增重随日粮NPP水平升高而增加,0.32%～0.56%组平均日增重显著高于对照组和0.16%组（P＜0.05）,0.48%组日增重最大;添加磷组肉鸡采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;0.40%组料重比最低,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随日粮NPP水平升高肉鸡胫骨脱脂干骨重、干骨中磷含量和灰分中磷含量均显著升高,0.48%组达到最高,显著高于对照组、0.16%和0.24%组（P＜0.05）,添加磷组干骨中钙含量与灰分含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。添加400、600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A和400 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY B显著提高了日增重、采食量和胫骨脱脂干骨重（P＜0.05）,添加2种植酸酶均显著提高了胫骨干骨中钙、磷含量与灰分中磷含量（P＜0.05）,添加600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A显著提高了干骨中灰分含量（P＜0.05）。【结论】22～42日龄满足黄羽肉鸡最佳生长和骨骼发育的NPP需要量为0.40%,PHY A的磷当量为685 U&#8226;kg-1。     

植物基因打靶的研究与应用

本文分析了影响基因打靶效率的因素,并指出提高同源重组利用率和在靶基因位点处引入DNA双键断裂可以提高基因打靶效率,总结了近年来这两方面尝试在植物中的研究进展,并与一些其他物种中的研究作出比较.     

全球转基因作物的产量和销量

从1994年到现在,全世界转基因作物的种植生产和消费已经超过20年。转基因作物刚开始出现便立即被农民所接受。单单在2013年,全世界范围内包括棉花、玉米、大豆、油菜、甜菜和苜蓿在内的转基因作物种植面积已高达1.75亿hm2,有14个国家的转基因作物种植面积超过50万hm2。绝大多数转基因作物的两个典型优点是抗除草剂和抗虫。主要生产国的转基因作物普及率已经达到90%。如今,转基因作物在发达国家的种植面积比发展中国家更大。截至目前,还没有关于人类消费转基因作物以及含转基因成分食品的数据统计,绝大部分(约90%)的主要转基因作物被用作动物饲料,少数转基因作物,如木瓜、南瓜及甜玉米则被直接消费,油、淀粉、高果糖甜味剂、蔗糖和卵磷脂等来源于转基因作物的原料普遍被应用于食品产业。在美国超市,高达70%的产品中含有转基因成分,很多其他国家的人们也在消费这样的产品,尤其是那些没有要求转基因标识的国家和地区。在许多国家,一些非政府组织经常散布关于转基因食物的谣言,以达到阻挠公众接受转基因食物和转基因作物商业化的目的。遗憾的是,政府决策者的决定常常基于政治考虑,而非出于转基因作物的重要科学意义。     

杂交水稻工程化制种窝眼型孔分选机分选筒设计

为改变传统杂交水稻制种中不育系和恢复系规则化种植,分期收获,效率低,劳动强度大,授粉不均匀,种子质量、产量低的现状,在现有工程化混播制种中急需高效的机械化分选设备。该文通过试验研究的手段,对所设计的窝眼型孔分选机分选筒的运动参数及结构参数进行了研究。结果表明：针对现有不育系籽粒长度不超过5.8 mm,恢复系不小于12 mm时,其分选筒外径设计为130 mm,分选筒转速为30 r/min,窝眼孔径为7 mm,孔深为3 mm情况下,能够杂交水稻种子纯度要求的分选效果。该分选机的设计,为解决工程化混播制种中杂交水稻种子不育系与恢复系的分选、清选提供了基础保障。     

Enhancement of RAPD Analysis by Restriction-endonuclease Digestion of Template DNA in Wheat

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has proven to be an effective procedure for molecular marker applications in plant breeding, although non-specific amplification may limit its utility in some species. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of restriction-endonuclease digestion of template DNA for elimination of non-specific amplification and generation of heritable RAPD markers. Restriction endonucleases digested wheat DNA to completion in amplification buffer, suggesting that the restriction endonuclease can be added directly to the reaction mixture prior to amplification. A 1-h 37°C step was programmed into the thermal cycler for restriction-endonuclease digestion which was followed immediately by amplification. Non-specific amplification was reduced and DNA marker patterns were altered in digested samples when compared to undigested samples. Genetic segregation of two polymorphic markers tested in F₅ inbred progeny fit expected 1:1 ratios. These results suggest that heritable DNA markers may be generated with reduction in non-specific amplification when restriction-endonuclease digestion of template DNA is conducted as part of the RAPD procedure.