Replacement of fish oil in plant‐based diets for Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,by stearine fish oil and palm oil

Stearine fish oil (SFO) and palm oil (PO) have emerged as promising alternatives for the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the replacement of FO with alternative oils in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei. In a clear brackish water study (14.1 g/L) utilizing shrimp (0.29 ± 0.02 g, initial weight), FO was replaced by SFO at inclusion ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (FO:SFO) and PO as 90% of FO. After 55 days, no significant differences (p < 0.05) in final weight, growth, or survival of shrimp were observed. A second trial (8 weeks) in low‐salinity water (2.1 g/L) with shrimp (0.92 ± 0.02 g, initial weight) evaluated diets with 100% FO, 100% SFO, 90% PO, 90% soybean oil (SO), or 90% flaxseed oil (FXO) as a replacement for FO and four commercially produced diets with 2% of FO, SO, PO, or FXO. One treatment received half rations of the commercial FO diet, and one treatment was based entirely on natural productivity. Results show that the fatty acid profiles of the tail muscle conformed to the lipids of the feed, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were preserved. Following 8 weeks of culture, there were no significant differences in production performance.     

两种一年生植物在替代试验中的相互竞争关系

（1）用替代试验研究了燕麦（Aneva sativa）和箭舌豌豆（Vicia sativa）在混播中的竞争相互作用。为了攻混播比例对两种植物在混播条件下的行为影响，田间试验设为5个混播总密度和5种混播比例，共了5次。（2）方差分析表明，相对总生物量（RYT）和竞争平衡指数（CBI）对总密度，混播比例和生长时间的反应敏感。总密度对RYT和CBI的影响高度显著，在大多数情况下，混播比例对RYT和CBI的影响不显著。（3）本文研究的结果表明，持续时间对RYT和CBI很强的影响，在第1次测定时，RYT值接近1而BI值接近0，这一事实表明，种间无竞争或互惠作用。而在生长旺盛期，种间竞争较为剧烈。（4）本研究结果表明，箭舌豌豆的生长严惩受到燕麦的抑制作用，这说明箭舌豌豆在与燕麦混播时表现为竞争上的弱者。     

粉煤灰磁粉表面化学镀铜的研究

粉煤灰磁粉是热电厂生产过程产生的固体废弃物粉煤灰中的一种成分,由于其有内在的磁性和微导电性,通过表面金属化后,能用于制备电磁屏蔽和吸波材料。笔者采用置换反应法在粉煤灰空心磁粉表面进行了化学镀铜的研究。扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)分析结果表明,该化学镀方法能在其表面获得良好性能的金属镀层。     

机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计

着重论述了机械设备更新决策专家系统的设计过程,包括知识库的设计、推理机的推理方向和方法、知识获取方法的介绍、综合数据库的规划、人机接口等内容。     

盒式气调包装机气体置换结构内部3-D流场的模

气体置换装置是气调包装机的核心部件.以盒式气调包装机中2种典型气体置换装置结构为研究对象,建立了2种气体置换结构的物理模型和包装盒内气体流场分析数学模型,应用Fluent软件对包装盒内的气体流场进行三维数值模拟.建立了保证气体置换质量的包装盒内三维流场评价指标,分析了气体置换装置充、排气孔的结构布置与排列方式对气体置换性能的影响.结果表明,与传统结构相比,新设计结构在气体置换率、流场静压分布、气体平均流速以及耗气量等方面均具有更佳的性能.     

早籼稻品种更替过程中农艺性状的演变特征

以南方稻区品种更替过程中大面积推广的18个早籼稻代表品种为材料,按高秆品种、矮秆品种、矮抗品种、优超品种4个演变阶段,采用常规栽培方法研究其农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明,随着品种的演变,产量、收获指数、每穗粒数均有提高;有效穗、结实率、千粒重变化不大。进一步分析表明,每穗粒数的增加是着粒密度改良所致。农艺性状与年代的回归分析表明,生物量与株高在1980年后有增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势。相关分析表明,决定早籼稻产量的农艺性状为生物量、株高、收获指数和每穗粒数。     

Responses of subshrub sagebrush rangeland in North-Western China to changes in livestock numbers and rainfall over 10 years (2004–2013)

Seriphidium transiliense, or subshrub sagebrush, is one of the most important forage resources for livestock in many arid lands, but such resources have been threatened by overgrazing for a long time. A 2013 vegetation survey of an original sagebrush rangeland (2400?ha) in the Tianshan Mountains revealed that nearly half of the area once under sagebrush has been replaced by annual species. This is due to the continual and rapid increase in livestock numbers over the past 30?years. Three smaller sites with different grazing scenarios: no grazing (Site N), a decline (Site 1), and an increase (Site 2) in livestock numbers, were selected to monitor recent changes (from 2004 to 2013) in vegetation biomass and the degree of dominance by sagebrush. Supplanting happened at Site 2 but little occurred at Site 1. There were significant differences between Site 2 and Site 1 in standing biomass in Spring and Summer, but no significant differences in Summer between Site 1 and Site N. The supplanting of sagebrush marks the completion of a dynamic process – in which rainfall plays a crucial role – of damage to sagebrush from heavy grazing in drought years and its rehabilitation by light grazing in some good years. Plant biomass loss was greatest when the land was first subjected to heavy grazing. Sagebrush tends to exist as a sole-dominant species rather than a companion species in sagebrush communities. This suggests that sagebrush continued to survive in pockets where grazing pressure had declined.