Development of a semi-selective medium and an immunofluorescence colony-staining procedure for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in cattle manure slurry

Various compounds and basal media were tested for their suitability to create a semi-selective medium for isolation ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus (Cms) from cattle manure slurry containing c. 10⁸ colony forming units (cfu) per ml.Plating efficiency of Cms in yeast glucose mineral medium (YGM) was 104% compared with yeast peptone glucose medium. Nalidixic acid, polymyxin B sulphate and the experimental disinfectant S-0208 inhibited colony growth of cattle slurry bacteria as compared with Cms in YGM. The optimal concentration of these inhibitors in combination was determined by modified agar diffusion tests and by pour plating in 24-well tissue culture plates. The semi-selective medium YGMI consisted of YGM supplemented with nalidixic acid (2 mg/l), polymyxin B sulphate (30 mg/l) and S-0208 (125 mg/l). Plating efficiency varied for Cms between 50.9 and 69.6%, for cattle slurry bacteria between 1.8 and 2.5% and for saprophytes from potato heel end extracts between 11.5 and 27.4%.Differentiation of Cms colonies from other colonies was based on their small and bluish colony morphology in pour plates and on immunofluorescence colony-staining (IFC). IFC of a pure culture of micro colonies of Cms in YGM was possible after one day incubation (colonies c. 5 cells). Green background fluorescence in the agar gels was prevented by addition of Tween 20 (0.1%) to the washing buffer and the use of 1% agar gels. IFC of macro colonies of Cms in YGMI, visible with 4x objective magnification, was possible after 4 days. The detection level of the target organism in artificially inoculated cattle slurry in YGMI based on colony morphology varied between 1.4×10³ and 2.3×10⁴ cfu per ml of cattle slurry. Miniaturized plating combined with IFC, using wells in tissue culture plates (=16 mm), proved suitable for detection, but was c. 30 times les sensitive. The recovery of Cms was negatively correlated with the number of saprophytic colonies in the agar plates (R ²=0.74).     

Effects of sodium ferulate on the nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation in kidneys of diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the blocking effects of sodium ferulate (SF) on the nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation in kidneys of diabetic rats. METHODS: The diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with SF (110 mg/kg) per day for 8 weeks. The renal weight/body weight, clearance rate of creatinine (Ccr), proteinuria, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in renal cortex, and the malonyldialdehyde (MDA), fructosamine (FMN), antioxidant enzymes in serum and renal cortex were measured. The pathologic changes of kidneys were also observed. RESULTS: The levels of Ccr, proteinuria, FMN and AGEs in renal cortex, FMN in serum, and renal weight/body weight in diabetic control group were significantly higher than those in normal control group. In the diabetic control group, there was a highter level of MDA and a lower activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and renal cortex than those in normal control group. Except for FMN in renal cortex, the abnormalities were significantly ameliorated in the treatment group. The pathologic changes was significant in the diabetic control group, which was significantly ameliorated with the treatment of SF. CONCLUSIONS: SF protects the activity of antioxidant enzymes, clears away oxygen radicals and inhibits the deposit of AGEs in kindey, which may be the mechanisms of protecting effects of SF on kindey in diabetic rats.     

自动折叠喷洒臂的设计及运动学特性

为了解决当前卷盘式喷灌机所配套的喷灌车自动化水平较低的问题,设计了一种基于电动缸驱动的自动折叠喷洒臂,并在喷洒臂之间连接处设计了一种当喷洒臂完全展开时能够实现自密封的端面密封铰链.基于喷洒臂完全折叠时收拢于车架两侧,完全伸展时铰链左右铰合密封等特征建立各杆件参数约束方程,确定了喷洒臂的各杆件尺寸.通过矢量方程法对喷洒臂进行运动学分析,以电动杆推杆的转角、位移、速度、加速度为输入量,各杆件的角位移、角速度、角加速度为输出量,通过Simulink搭建喷洒臂的运动仿真框图并进行分析.结果表明:完全折叠时,喷管1与水平方向呈90°夹角;伸展过程中,各喷管运动平稳,且始终保持在水平直线方向;完全展开时,3个喷管转动90°,且各喷管铰接处完全闭合不发生水泄漏现象,说明设计具有一定的合理性.     

五轴数控加工叶片无干涉刀位轨迹的计算

根据微分几何特性，提出五坐标数控加工叶片时对叶片的工作面和背面的刀位轨迹计算分开予以讨论，对工作面而言，利用平头立铣刀加工时不存在干涉，而对背面而言，可能存在干涉。根据干涉的种类，分别对全局干涉和局部刀具干涉提出了快速判定依据，并对干涉点进行了修正。指出利用Iso-scallop法可获得最优的轨迹和蔗，并给出了实例。     

路桥过渡段施工问题研究

在路桥过渡段施工时,会因基础不同、防水措施不足、施工质量等问题产生显著的沉降差异,从而引起桥头跳车现象。路桥过渡段的施工,应做好施工勘察设计工作、处理好软性地基、选好台后填筑材料、做好台背排水、压实填土,减少台后路基的沉降,提高路基的刚度,尽力实现路桥刚柔平稳过渡,达到防治桥台跳车的目的。     

草莓穴盘苗移栽末端执行器设计与试验

穴盘草莓的长苗、大苗株特点和弓背向外的特殊移栽要求,使其自动化移栽存在困难。首先进行了草莓苗坨的单指刺入力和拔苗阻力试验,进而提出并开展了有约束苗坨的双指夹拔破坏试验。试验发现双针取苗指的苗坨刺入阻力与刺入速度、深度、含水率相关,50 mm和100 mm深度的最大刺入阻力分别可达21.47 N和57.09 N。双指的夹茎拔苗阻力可达9.64 N,而当取苗针滑移量为20 mm和40 mm时约束夹拔力分别可达10.85 N和42.5 N,但过大滑移量对精准可靠移栽极为不利。根据草莓穴盘苗的物理特性、苗坨的力学特性,设计了带双爪可同步换向变距的四针式移栽末端执行器。以有效缩减取苗爪宽度和摆动传动角为双重目标进行了多连杆定角斜插式双指四针取苗爪的非线性规划,得到了优化的机构参数。换向变距装置通过微型行程开关与微型电磁吸盘配合,实现了双取苗爪的快速同步换向变距和可靠定位。验证试验表明,在加速度不大于0.20 mm/s2时取出率和取苗成功率分别在93%和90%以上,加速度过大则可能造成取苗针滑脱和苗坨下部断裂,换向变距装置有效解决了弓背朝外问题和相邻两列同时移栽的间距调整问题,栽苗试验中放苗顺利且直立度和深度均达到移栽要求,且移栽后10 d草莓苗完全成活,该末端执行器可满足草莓穴盘苗的移栽作业需要。     

基于BP神经网络的龙羊峡水库年末消落水位控制研究

龙羊峡水库长期处于低水位运行,严重影响了其综合效益。运用逐步回归的方法寻找影响水库年末消落水位的主要因素,以此为基础,建立了控制龙羊峡水库年末消落水位的BP神经网络模型,并采用长系列资料对逐步回归模型和BP神经网络模型的预测结果进行了比较和误差分析。结果表明,BP神经网络模型优于逐步回归模型。     

饱和—非饱和流溶质运移的实验及数值模拟研究

本文在水盐运移实验基础上,正确地采用了考虑土壤不动水体与吸附作用的溶质运移数学模型和以v为因变量的土壤水分数学模型。在非饱和蒸发条件下对各种求解溶质运移方程的数值方法进行了系统比较,采用了适合于本研究特征—饱和—非饱和流的特征—有限元法对灌溉入渗、蒸发和再分配条件下饱和—非饱和土壤溶质运移规律作了较系统的计算机数值模拟与预测研究。     

捕虾桁拖网网囊网目的选择性研究

当网囊网目分别为４０ｍｍ,４５ｍｍ和５０ｍｍ时,哈氏仿对虾的５０％选择体长分别为８５．８８,９０．２６,９５．３２ｍｍ;中华管鞭虾的３０％选择体长为８７．５８,８８．０９,９２．５６ｍｍ;鹰爪虾的５０％选择丛长为８５．０４,８５．９６％,８８．３２ｍｍ。三种虾类的５０％选择体长和网囊网目内径的线性回归方程为,哈氏仿对虾Ｌ０．５－４８．０３＋０．９４Ｍｅ中华管鞭虾;Ｌ０．５＝６７．０＋０．４９８Ｍｅ     

不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体氮素积累特征分析

通过不同类型专用小麦品种和氮肥运筹试验,研究不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体与普通群体在氮素吸收、积累、运转与利用特征等方面的差异。结果表明:拔节期和开花期不同类型群体间植株含氮率互有高低,成熟期强筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体高于普通群体,弱筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体低于普通群体。不同类型专用小麦品种间氮素阶段吸收量变化趋势基本一致,积累的高峰期均在拔节至开花期。强筋小麦优质高产群体氮素积累量生育前期低于普通群体,中、后期高于普通群体;中筋小麦优质高产群体与普通群体相比,氮素积累量前期较高,中、后期互有高低;弱筋小麦各生育期优质高产群体植株氮素积累量均低于普通群体。优质高产群体花后氮素积累量和花前氮素运转量由大到小依次均为强筋小麦、中筋小麦、弱筋小麦。