A Potential Screening System for Identifying Sorghum Ecotypes with Increased Lysine in the Seeds

Classical “high-lysine” sorghum lines are characterized by smaller seeds than average, due to a decrease in prolamin synthesis and a subsequent decrease in yield. To exploit the natural variation in lysine content and to identify ecotypes with a seed lysine content higher than average, characterized by plump seeds, a method was developed based on root-growth inhibition of seeds growing on a medium containing aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analogue. By using a collection of sorghum mutants and ecotypes a correlation coefficient of 0.926 between root length and lysine content was established. This method, which uses the root length of plants growing on aec to indicate which lines have a potential elevated lysine content, can be applied for the screening of sorghum germplasm. Since this is a non-destructive method it can also be used at the individual seed level, for example for screening progenies of regenerated plants from in vitro culture to exploit the somaclonal variation.     

河北省天然草地禾本科植物的生活型、生态型及区系分析

对河北省天然草地禾本科植物的生活型、生态型及区系特征进行了分析，结果表明，多年生草本为优势生活型，占78．4％；生态型以中生植物为主，占77．2％，旱生植物占16．0％，湿生植物仅占6．8％；植物区系成分多样，温带分布属最多达42属，占总属数的57．5％，其次为热带分布属，有24属，占32．9％。     

不同栽培方式对生菜产量及品质的影响

采用土壤栽培、有机生态型无土栽培、无机耗能型无土栽培三种栽培方式，进行生菜三次采收四层立体栽培试验。结果表明：采用有机生态型无土栽培进行生菜分次采收立体栽培，可有效降低产品中硝酸盐含量，提高根冠比和相对生长速率，变一次性收获为三次采收，可使每盘产量提高30％以上，变平面栽培为4层立体栽培，使温室复种指数提高4倍。     

不同生态型水稻染色体G-带的研究

采用“风油精法”(EB 法)对不同生态型的15个水稻品种进行了染色体 G 带分析。结果表明,高原生态型品种染色体 G-带的带纹数和特征均与普通生态型品种不同、在高原生态型内的不同籼粳亚种间,G-带带纹数有差异,而带纹特征无明显区别;普通生态型内不同籼、粳亚种间的 G 带带纹特征略有不同,而带纹数无明显差异。不同生态型水稻染色体 G-带带型差异大于籼、粳亚种间的差异。两种生态型水稻品种对风油精浓度的敏感程度也不同。我们推测,两种生态型水稻可能起源于不同地域。即高原生态型水稻起源于云贵高原,普通生态型水稻起源于华南地区。各生态型内亚种之间的带纹差异则可能与各自长期生存和演化的环境有关。     

农村生态型沼气工程设计软件的开发

依据中国农村生态型沼气工程的应用对象和特点，选择庭院经济、生态温室、生态果园3种模式建立了数学模型并开发设计了辅助设计软件。该软件能依据用户的设计要求，经计算绘制整套的沼气工程设计施工图，并具有界面友好、简单易用的特点，同时采用视频形式详细介绍了沼气的施工与维护方法。     

水分胁迫对不同类型春小麦水分利用效率和光合日变化的影响

通过不同生育期3个水分胁迫-复水处理,即:生育期土壤相对含水量(SRWC)维持在饱和持水量的60%~70%(T1),孕穗期SRWC维持35%~45%,之后恢复充足的供水(T2),抽穗期SRWC维持在35%~45%,之后恢复充足供水(T3),研究了旱地类型(DE)、中间类型(IE)和水地类型(WE)春小麦品种水分利用效率和光合日变化.结果表明:水分胁迫对水分利用效率的影响明显小于对籽粒产量的影响,且T2的抑制效应大于T3.无论是T1还是T3,3个品种类型光合日变化均大致呈双曲线,但品种间存在时段性差异.T3处理,DEI、E在15∶00~16∶00表现出光合超补偿作用.在3个处理中,籽粒产量和水分利用效率均呈极显著正相关(0.860~0.965).     

青海省草地生态畜牧业中养羊业发展机制探讨

在草地生态畜牧业战略总体规划下,养羊产业仍然是青海省草地畜牧业的主要组成部分。该研究分析了青海省养羊业现状,指出当地可以进一步降低羊总数,提高个体生产力,加速周转。通过分析产业内部因素和外部环境条件,提出产业发展思路:在建立牧民合作组织的基础上,开展集约化、规模化和标准化生产经营,应用配套技术,推广科技成果,牧民学习新技术,提高生产、管理和营销能力。     

Phosphorous accumulation and distribution of two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata grown in phosphorous-enriched soils

Water eutrophication and poultry manure require an efficacious remediation technology to decrease phosphorous (P) concentration. In this study, the P phytoremediation potential of a mining (ME) and nonmining ecotype (NME) of Pilea sinofasciata were analyzed by pot experiments employing different concentrations of P treatments (CK, P100, P200, P400, P800 and P1600) in tested soil. Growth, P accumulation and P-relevant enzyme activities of P. sinofasciata in ME and NME were assessed after 10 weeks’ plantation. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the shoot biomass of the ME and NME. Higher P concentration and accumulation were observed in the ME than NME for all treatments. Stem P concentration of the ME were 117%, 189%, 152%, 153%, 140% and 139% higher than the NME, and leaf P concentration were 122%, 146%, 138%, 144%, 137% and 113%. Maximum P uptake and phytoextraction was observed at P400 for the ME of P. sinofasciata. Elevated activities of acid phosphatase and phytase in roots were examined in P-enriched soil, and the ME presented higher activities compared with the NME. The results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the use of ME of P. sinofasciata for phosphorus accumulators and suggest that ME of P. sinofasciata is a promising species for the excess P phytoextraction of P-enriched soils.     

Phenotypes Including Immunocompetence in Scavenging Local Chicken Ecotypes in Tanzania

A study was conducted to determine the variations in physical characters and immunocompetence among scavenging local chicken ecotypes in Tanzania. Eighty-four adult scavenging local chickens from four eco-climatic regions of Tanzania were studied. Measurements of adult body weight, body length, shank length and egg weight and observations of plumage colour and pattern, earlobe colour, skin colour and the shape of the comb were conducted. The antibody response to sheep red blood cells, serum haemolytic complement and the cutaneous response to phytohaemagglutinin-P were assessed. Five ecotypes were identified and named Mbeya, Morogoro-medium, Ching'wekwe, Kuchi and Singamagazi. Singamagazi and Kuchi were significantly heavier, with longer shanks and heavier eggs than the other ecotypes. The average adult body weight for males ranged from 1621 g (Mbeya) to 2915 g (Singamagazi). Average female weights ranged from 1108 g (Morogoro-medium) to 2020 g (Singamagazi). Mean egg weights ranged from 37.65 g (Ching'wekwe) to 45.61 (Singamagazi). The Kuchi had mostly rose and walnut combs, while the other ecotypes were mostly single combed. In each ecotype there were chickens with a high or low antibody response to red blood cells, but there was a significant difference between the ecotypes.